Module_8_Homework

.pdf

School

University of Massachusetts, Amherst *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

112

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by ChefGalaxy14726

1 Engin 112 – Fall 2023 Homework 8: Analog Circuits Due: 5:00 pm Friday, November 10 1.) Threshold values a.) If a computer clock has an internal resistance of R 1 = 500 Ohms, an internal capacitance of 1 pF, what is the amount of time that it takes the output voltage to reach 60% of the supply voltage, V DD , on the rising edge of the clock. b.) Using the same calculations as above, what is the maximum clock speed of the computer? 2.) Operational Amplifiers In this problem, you will be using a java-based software program ( www.circuitlab.com ) to simulate some basic behaviors of circuits. To begin, you should “create an account” on the website using your UMass email address. After you enter a username and a few other details, you will be sent a confirmation email. Once you have gone through that procedure, you will get to a page that looks like right-hand side of Figure 1 below. From here, you can either do some of the short tutorials, or start your new circuit right away. Figure 1. Getting into CircuitLab and simulating circuits. At left is the tutorial and beginning screen once you log in to CircuitLab. At right is an OpAmp circuit with parameters for simulation. Note that the stop time is 0.004 seconds, and the time step is 0.00001 seconds. This will sample 4 cycles of a 1 kHz periodic signal like a sine wave. Use CircuitLab to simulate a voltage divider (slide 28 from this module). For the Voltage source, use a 1 kHz sinusoid, with an Amplitude of 1 Volt (this is the peak voltage). For the resistors, use R 1 = 25 Ohms and R 2 = 75 Ohms. When you simulate the circuit in the time domain, use a start time of 0 seconds, a stop time of 0.004 seconds and a time step of 0.00001 seconds (10 microseconds). Verify using calculations from the module that the simulation is correct (include verification derivation in your homework). You should also plot the input voltage and output voltage. Do not plot any currents . Submit a screen shot, as above, of the circuit and simulation parameters, and include the upper-right hand corner of screen that shows your CircuitLab user name. Also submit a screen shot of the simulation results (input and output voltage as a function of time).

2 3.) Use CircuitLab to simulate an inverting amplifier constructed from an Op Amp (see slides from the Module and Figure 1 from above). For the voltage source, use a 1 kHz sinusoid with an Amplitude of 1 Volt. Use R 1 = 100 Ohms and R 2 = 300 Ohms as above. Simulate the time domain voltage waveform using the same parameters as in part a. Try to make your circuit and simulation exactly as is shown in the figure. Verify using hand calculations that the simulation results agree with expected results from the Module (include in your homework). Submit both a screen shot (as in the right side of Figure 1) and a screen shot of the simulation results (input and voltage as a function of time). 4.) Use CircuitLab to simulate a differentiating amplifier. This is done by replacing R 1 in Figure 1 with a 1  F capacitor. For the voltage source, use a 1 kHz triangle waveform with an Amplitude of 1 Volt. Once you perform the simulation, take a screen shot of the simulation results (input and output voltage as a function of time). It is not necessary to submit a screen shot of the circuit. In your submission, explain as best as possible, the relationship between the input and output simulated waveforms. 5.) Voltage Divider a.) If the voltage divider (see slide 28 from the module), has resistor values of R 1 = 5.6 k  and R 2 = 3.3 k  , and a voltage supply of 9 Volts, what is the output voltage, 𝑉 𝑜?? ? b.) If the Resistor values of part a have a 5% tolerance in value (e.g. (5.6 − 0.05(5.6))𝑘Ω ≤ 𝑅 1 ≤ (5.6 + 0.05(5.6))𝑘Ω ), what are the maximum and minimum voltages that you would see for Vout? 6.) Analog versus Digital Think of one system that you use on a daily basis that is a mix of analog and digital components, and describe the analog and digital aspects of the system using a few sentences for each. An example and format for your answer is provided below: Cellular telephone: I use this to listen to music and to surf the internet. Analog: The music coming out of the cell phone has many frequencies and the volume can be turned up or down. The amplifiers that increase/decrease the volume of the music affect the analog behavior of the sound, which is also played through the speakers, which are analog as well. Digital: The logic operations of the cell phone (e.g. memory, state, and data) are all digital in nature. When I am surfing the web, I am sending and receiving digital signals that are used to explore different parts of the internet.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version