Physics Lab Report 1

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Toronto Metropolitan University *

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Physics Lab Report 1 Magnetic Fields Course: PCS130 Section: 09 Teaching Assistant: Ary Sakafish Instructor: Tetyana Antimirova Lab Partners: Ahmed Abdul Lathif, Rafia Kibria January 17, 2023
2 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………… 3 Theory …………………………………………………… 4 Procedure ……………………………………………… .... 5-7 Results and Calculations …………………………………. 8-12 Discussion and Conclusion ………………………………. 13-14 References ………………………………………………… 15
3 Introduction A Magnetic field is a vector field that describes the influence magnetism has on moving electric charges. Electric charges that are in motion create magnetic fields due to the electrical current flow in a conductor. The strength and direction of the magnetic field depend on how much current is flowing and the direction of its flow. The magnetic fields created can be calculated by the Biouts-Savart Law known as = . In this experiment, we studied ?? µ0 ?(?𝐿 ×𝑟 ) 𝑟 2 the magnetic fields generated by an electric current passing through the conductor which in this case was a coil of a conductive metal. In discovery, we found the shape and size of the coils to impact the magnetic field that was generated, which showed us the relationship of the magnetic field and the electrical current. We also conducted this experiment to understand the relations the distance and the strength of the magnetic field at those specific points had by using two coils of wires and a 10.5 cm radius. To complete this experiment with success, three parts such as finding the magnetic field in the center of the coil, the magnetic field along the central axis of a single coil, and the magnetic field along the central axis of a helmholtz coil were to be conducted.
4 Theory The Biot-Savart Law is used to calculate magnetic fields created by the electric current: ?? = µ 0 ?(?𝐿 𝑥 𝑟 ^ ) 𝑟 2 According to the equation, a very small magnetic current is generated by a current-carrying ?? ( ) conductor of a small cross-section at a point distance away from it. The constant is ? ?𝐿 𝑟 µ 0 the permeability of vacuum. We can use the Biot-Savart Law to find the magnetic field due to a current-carrying loop of wire. Consider a circular loop that has a radius R, carries a current I, and lies in the xz -plane:
5 Procedure Part (I) Magnetic Field at the center of a single coil 1. Connect the Magnetic Field Sensor to CH-1 of the LabPro computer interface and open logger pro. Don’t forget to calibrate the field sensor. 2. With the power supply off , connect a single coil using the white plugs to the power supply and set it to the 6.4mT range. 3. Position the probe so that it is in the same plane as the coil. The probe will stay in this position for this part of the lab. 4. Turn on the power supply and set the electric current to 0.4A. Do not leave the power supply on for too long of a period to avoid your electric current value being affected. 5. In the LoggerPro interface, the top graph displays the magnetic field vs. time . Select Analyze For statistics. 6. Record the magnetic field results, as well as the electrical current in the excel sheet and assign an uncertainty to your magnetic field value based on the fluctuations observed. 7. Measure the magnetic field every 0.2 A up to a maximum of 2 A . Record the results and electric current, I, each time. 8. Determine the relationship between the magnetic field of a single coil, Bcoil, and electric current, I by plotting your results and applying a linear fit.
6 Part (II) Magnetic Field along the central axis of a single coil 1. With the power supply Off , zero the magnetic field sensor while it is still at the center of the coil and with a single coil still connected, set the power supply so that the current is 2 A when it is on. 2. With the power supply on, move the probe and ruler away from the coil until it reaches approximately 20% of the maximum magnetic field strength. Switch to the second sheet (B vs. z). 3. Record measurements of the magnetic field strength and position along the central axis in increments of 2 cm until you reach the same magnetic field strength on the opposite side of the coil. 4. You should record an uncertainty value for the magnetic field sensor’s position and test a fit by creating a set of data from the theoretical equation: ? ?𝑜𝑖?(?, 𝑧) = ? ? 2 ((𝑍+?) 2 +?) 2 ) 3/2 𝑧
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