EE4PM4_Lab4_2023
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ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
1
ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
Lab #4
Fault Studies
Due date:
Dec. 6, 2023 (before 11:59PM)
Please upload lab report on Avenue to Learn:
Assessments > Assignments > Lab4
ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
2
Student name:
Student ID:
Lab No.:
Student course number:
Mark (%):
Objectives
•
Understanding the faulty behavior of power system in Power World Simulator.
•
Observe the effect of different faults on bus voltage.
•
Observe the contribution of fault current at each bus.
•
Observe the fault current without considering the specified power elements like transmission line and generator.
Procedure
(10 marks for observed data and screen captures in each question, total 60 marks)
Fig. 1 shows a single-line diagram of a five-bus power system. Input data are given in Tables 1 and 2. As shown in Fig.
1, bus 1 is the slack bus. Bus 3 is a voltage-controlled bus. Bus 2 is load bus.
Slack G1
15 kv
P
base
= 100 MVA
Transformer
15/345 kV
Transformer
345/15 kV
280 MVAR
800 MW
520 MW
Bus 1
Bus 5
Bus 4
Bus 3
Bus 2
Figure 1
Table 1: Line input data
Bus to bus
R
X
G
B
2-4
0
0.1
0
0
2-5
0
0.05
0
0
4-5
0
0.025
0
0
Table 2: Transformer input data
Bus to bus
R
X
G
B
1-5
0
0.02
0
0
3-4
0
0.01
0
0
1.
Build Fig.1 in Power World Simulator, the model should be similar to
Fig. 2
. Make sure you add the buses first with
their given value of voltages, then add the rest of the network: transformers, generators, and transmission lines.
Make sure that
AVR
for the
slack generator only
is checked on
with a desired control voltage of
1.05 pu
.
ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
3
Figure 2: System model in simulator
2.
To do fault analysis,
Load is disconnected
(as the fault path is zero impedance, so all the current will pass through
the fault).
3.
Fault consumes high current, which is due to the reactive power flow and not the real power. As a result,
the real
power value for both generators should be set to zero
.
4.
For each generator, transformer and transmission line (TL), edit the values of fault impedances as shown in
Fig. 3.
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ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
4
Bus 1-5 Transformer
Bus 3-4 Transformer
Bus 4-5 TL
Bus 2-5 TL
Slack Generator
Bus-3 Generator
Bus 2-4 TL
Figure. 3 Fault parameters for each unit.
ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
5
5.
To do a single line to ground fault at bus 2
, go to “Run Mode” as in lab 1, then click on “Fault Analysis” as in
Fig.
4.
Figure. 4
6.
A new window will appear, on the left
side select “
Single F
ault” then click on “Bus Records”
. Select bus 2 and
“Single Line
-to-
Ground” as fault type
as shown in
Fig. 5
. And finally click on calculate to view system parameters
at this faulty condition.
Select bus
Voltage magnitudes of each phase
at each bus
Voltage angles of each phase at
each bus
Fault Current
Figure. 5
7.
Now you should be able to solve the system at different kinds of faults and at different locations by following the
same steps.
8.
Solve the following problems with the help of PWS:
a.
Use Power World Simulator to determine the type of bus 2 fault that gives the highest per-unit voltage magnitude.
(Overvoltage exists when bus voltage is higher than 1.05 pu)
ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
6
Single Line-to-Ground Fault
BUS
Phase ‘a’ volt
Phase ‘
b
’ volt
Phase ‘
c
’ volt
Phase ‘a’ Angle
Phase ‘
b
’ Angle
Phase ‘
c
’ Angle
1
2
3
4
5
Line-to-Line Fault:
BUS
Phase ‘a’ volt
Phase ‘
b
’ volt
Phase ‘
c
’ volt
Phase ‘a’ Angle
Phase ‘
b
’ Angle
Phase ‘
c
’ Angle
1
2
3
4
5
3 Phase Balanced
BUS
Phase ‘a’ volt
Phase ‘
b
’ volt
Phase ‘
b
’ volt
Phase ‘a’ Angle
Phase ‘
b
’ Angle
Phase ‘
c
’ Angle
1
2
3
4
5
Double Line-to-Ground Fault
BUS
Phase ‘a’ volt
Phase ‘
b
’ volt
Phase ‘
c
’ volt
Phase ‘a’ Angle
Phase ‘
b
’ Angle
Phase ‘
c
’ Angle
1
2
3
4
5
b.
Determine the fault current with a line-to-line fault at each of the buses. To view fault current, refer to Fig. 5.
BUS
I
f
Magnitude
I
f
Scaled Magnitude
I
f
Angle
1
2
3
4
5
c.
Determine the fault current with a bolted double line-to-ground fault at each of the buses.
BUS
I
f
Magnitude
I
f
Scaled Magnitude
I
f
Angle
1
2
3
4
5
d.
Re-determine 8.b fault currents, with a new line installed between buses 2 and 4. The parameters for this new
line should be identical to those of the existing line between buses 2 and 4 in terms of reactance and fault
information. Are the fault currents larger or smaller than the values determined in 8.b?
BUS
I
f
Magnitude
I
f
Scaled Magnitude
I
f
Angle
1
2
3
4
5
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ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4
Electrical Power Systems
7
e.
Re-determine 8.b fault currents, with a second generator added at bus 3. The parameters for the new generator
should be identical to those of the existing generator at bus 3.
Check ON the AVR of both generators at bus
3
, so now all the three generators have AVR ON. Are the fault currents larger or smaller than the values
determined in 8.b?
BUS
I
f
Magnitude
I
f
Scaled Magnitude
I
f
Angle
1
2
3
4
5
Discussion
(40 marks
–
each component weighted equally)
Based on all the results of above problems, present a comprehensive discussion on
•
Overvoltages and over currents impacted by type of faults.
•
Overvoltages and over currents impacted by addition of line.
•
Overvoltages and over currents impacted by addition of generator.
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