JeremyTorrence_4

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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University *

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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1 Information Processing Case Study: CEN22FA096 Jeremy Torrence College of Aviation, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ASCI 604 Human Factors Aviation/Aerospace Industry Professor Kristy Kiernan September 6, 2023

2 Information Processing Case Study: CEN22FA096 Aviation is a high-risk industry. Any accident may result in significant material and human losses. As such, most aviation organizations strive to minimize accidents related to aircraft. An important aspect of this effort is understanding why past accidents occurred and working to minimize these issues in the future. The Accident CEN22FA096 can assist well in understanding the various problems leading to aviation accidents by applying the 5M model (Folkerts, 2023). As per the model, one can argue that man, machine, and machine contributed significantly to the accident. Before applying the 5M model to the accident, let us first look at the 5M model. As the name implies, the 5M model builds on the original man-machine-environment model presented by T.P. Wright and builds on it to reflect the influence of the three primary variables on a successful aircraft mission (Jahan, 2017). The 5M model includes three overlapping circles and one encompassing circle. These circles represent the way the five critical areas relate to each other in the aviation industry. Having understood the basics of the 5M model, the next step is to summarize the case study. The accident chosen is CEN22FA096, which occurred on January 8, 2022. The flight took off headed to Centennial Airport, Denver, Colorado, at 19:10 (Folkerts, 2023). The flight purpose was Part 91 General Aviation Positioning. However, the ATC noticed the incorrect altitude and direction of the flight immediately and inquired about it. ATC received a jumbled radio response, with the aircraft continuing its wrong trajectory until it crashed near Defiance, Missouri. The NTSB investigations revealed crucial information about the flight captain and the co- pilot that indicated human fault as the primary culprit in crashing the plane (Folkerts, 2023). The NTSB investigation showed that the pilot did not have the requisite training to fly a plane of this

3 type at night. The pilot had received training and experience in visual flight rules operations. However, such experience did not prepare them for flying planes at night. Moreover, the pilot also noted her nervousness toward her boyfriend about the weather conditions and her distrust of her co-pilot (Folkerts, 2023). The NTSB investigation determined the co-pilot had the required training to captain such a plane (Folkerts, 2023). The investigations indicated spatial disorientation as the primary culprit behind the pilot losing control of the plane as it veered leftward after taking off. The pilot probably did not trust the instruments over her observations due to her nervousness, which led to the accident. However, that leads to the question of why the co-pilot did not take control of the plane when the pilot lost control. One can point to the unfamiliar and overly complex layout of the cockpit as the primary factor. The NTSB report indicated that the airplane has a single set of flight instruments (Folkerts, 2023). As such, the plane required the pilots to pull a T-handle latch to transfer control from the pilot to the co-pilot. Due to a lack of easy access to the controls, the co-pilot could not assume command of the airplane, which led to the crash. As such, one can argue the machine played a significant role in the crash. Finally, environmental factors also played a critical role in causing the accident. As NTSB noted, spatial disorientations caused the pilot to lose control because she did not have the appropriate experience flying the aircraft. However, the overcast sky and the nighttime contributed directly to spatial disorientation (Konecka-Szydelko, 2021). As the pilot has training and experience in visual flight rules operations, she needed the required visual indicators to allow her a safe flight (Folkerts, 2023). However, the nighttime combined with an overcast sky blurred the ground indicators, causing spatial disorientation. As such, the medium also played a critical role.

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