Week 3_ Test Your Knowledge (TYK)_ PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736_21621

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3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 1/12 Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK) Due Mar 10 at 8pm Points 20 Questions 20 Time Limit 60 Minutes Allowed Attempts 3 Instructions Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 18 minutes 16 out of 20 Score for this attempt: 16 out of 20 This practice test covers week 3 course materials, which include the project ±nance markets, capital structure and cost of capital. Each answer key contains detailed explanations to help you master the course materials. Take notes as you learn, because the ±nal exam will cover week 1-week 6 course materials. You can take this practice test up to three times. Test Parameters Logistics: Online Number of Questions: 20 Duration: 60 minutes Possible points: 20 points Type of test: Open Book Questions Type: Fill in the blank, multiple choice, multiple answer, and matching Question Delivery: One question at a time Multiple Attempts: You can take this test up to three times Force Completion: Once started, this Test must be completed in one sitting. Due date: Sunday of the Third week of the course Learning Connection: This Test Your Knowledge (TYK) practice test is directly linked to the following key learning outcomes from the course syllabus: Examine the capital structure of a project organization Use real world case studies to apply project ±nance theories by Calculating the cost of capital of a project company Determining the optimal capital structure that maximizes the value of a project company Analyzing the factors that impact a project company's dividend policy Take the Quiz Again
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 2/12 Submitted Mar 4 at 9:13pm This attempt took 18 minutes. Question 1 1 / 1 pts The bondholder is guaranteed an income over the life of the security. By promising a return to the bondholder, an income bond is junior to preferred and common stock. Income bonds are junior to subordinated debt but senior to preferred and common stock. Correct! Income bonds pay interest only if the issuing company has earned the interest. An income bond is one that pays interest only if the issuing company has earned the interest, although the principal must still be paid on the due date. Such bonds are riskier than normal bonds. Question 2 1 / 1 pts Market interest rates have increased. Additional debt can be issued more cheaply than the original debt. There should be no difference; cost of debt is the same as the bonds' market yield. Correct! Interest is deductible for tax purposes. Because interest is deductible for tax purposes, the actual cost of debt capital is the net effect of the interest payment and the offsetting tax deduction. The actual cost of debt equals the interest rate times (1 -the marginal tax rate). Thus, if a firm with a 9% market rate is in a 40% tax bracket, the net cost of the debt capital is 5.4% [9% x (1 - .4)]. Question 3 1 / 1 pts The main difference between income bonds and other bonds is that Chenco is a project company incorporated in Hundred Acre Wood, California. If Chenco's bonds are currently yielding 9% in the marketplace, why is Chenco's cost of debt actually lower?
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 3/12 Bank lender Bondholder Correct! Shareholder Non-bank lender The term lender is used to mean either a bank lender, bondholder, non-bank lender or debt fund. The term shareholder is used to mean the owner of shares in a company. Although the financial and legal structures and procedures are different in the bank and the non-bank private-sector project-finance debt market, the criteria under which debt is raised in each of these markets are much the same. Question 4 1 / 1 pts $22.61 $46.00 Correct! $50.00 $53.00 The conversion price is the assumed price of the stock, which was set at the time the bonds were issued. Dividing the $1 ,000 face value by the 20 shares results in a conversion price of $50. Answer (A) is incorrect because it is the ratio of stock price to bond price, not the conversion price. Question 5 1 / 1 pts The term lender is typically used to refer to all of the following, except Chenco's $1 ,000 par value convertible debentures are selling at $1,060 when its stock is selling for $46.00 per share. What is the conversion price if the conversion ratio is 20? A bond issued by a project company is aimed mainly at
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3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 4/12 The banking market. Correct! The non-banking markets. The equity market. The international trading market. A bond issued by a project company is basically similar to a loan from the borrower’s point of view, but it is aimed mainly at the non-banking market and takes the form of a tradable debt instrument, originally evidenced by a paper certificate, but now generally superseded by electronic registration. Question 6 1 / 1 pts Correct! Voting rights in corporate elections. Dividend payments that are not tax deductible by the company. No principal repayments. A superior claim to common stock equity in the case of liquidation. Dividends on cumulative preferred stock accrue until declared; that is, the book value of the preferred stock increases by the amount of any undeclared dividends. Participating preferred stock participates with common shareholders in excess earnings of the company. In other words, 10% participating preferred stock might pay a dividend each year greater than 10% when the corporation is extremely profitable. Therefore, nonparticipating preferred stock will receive no more than is stated on the face of the stock. Preferred shareholders rarely have voting rights. Voting rights are exchanged for preferences regarding dividends and liquidation of assets. Question 7 1 / 1 pts Cumulative preferred stock (non-participating, 10%) in Chenco LTD that meets its dividend obligations has all of the following characteristics, except The market value of a share of stock is $60, and the market value of one right prior to the ex-rights date is $2.00 after the offering is announced but while the stock is still selling rights-on. The offer to the
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 5/12 Correct! Does not receive any additional benefit from the rights offering. Receives an additional benefit from the rights offering. Merely receives a return of capital. Should redeem the right and purchase the stock before the ex-rights date. The formula for determining the value of one stock right when the price of the stock is rights-on is as follows: R on = (P on – S)/(N + 1) Plugging the amounts into the formula for determining the value of one stock right produces a theoretical value of $2.50 per right, which leaves a theoretical value of $47.50 for the stock: ($60- $50) ÷ (3 + 1) = $2.50. However, if the stock declines to $57.50 when the right is worth only $2, the original investor is worse off than before the rights issuance; i.e., the investor would have only $59.50 worth of investments. Hence, the original shareholder receives no benefit from the issuance of the rights. Question 8 1 / 1 pts Correct! Bonds guaranteed by insurance companies or commercial banks. Bonds gifted to friends and family birthdays and other special occasions. Bonds that are issued by all industry sectors, including non-profit and government agencies. Bonds guaranteed by the issuer. Wrapped bonds are bonds guaranteed by insurance companies or commercial banks (primarily from European and Japanese banks rather than U.S. banks). When bonds are wrapped or guaranteed, bondholders need to pay little attention to the background or risks of the borrower or (if relevant) the project itself—at least theoretically—and could rely on the credit rating of the insurance company itself. shareholder is that it will take three rights to buy an additional share of stock at a subscription price of $50 per share. If the theoretical value of the stock when it goes ex-rights is $57.50, then the shareholder Wrapped bonds are
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 6/12 This deals with the problem of private investors not having the capacity to assess the risks on individual bond issues. Question 9 1 / 1 pts Correct! A tradable debt instrument A share owns by an investor A stock owns by a stockholder A debt owed to a commercial bank A bond is a long-term promise to pay a specified amount on a specified date and to pay interest at stated intervals. A bond is a tradable debt instrument. The bondholder is the party which has lent to the project company on the basis of a bond. This party is usually not a commercial bank. A bond issued by a project company is basically similar to a loan from the borrower’s point of view, but it is aimed mainly at the non- banking market and takes the form of a tradable debt instrument, originally evidenced by a paper certificate, but now generally superseded by electronic registration. Bonds may either be public issues (i.e. quoted on a stock exchange and—at least theoretically—quite widely traded), or private placements, which are not quoted and are sold to a limited number of large investors. It is possible for a private placement to take place without the intervention of an investment bank (i.e. the Sponsors deal directly with bond lenders), although this is not common. Question 10 0 / 1 pts In project finance, the term bond is used to mean On the first day of the current year, Chenco LTD issued convertible bonds with $1 ,000 par value and a conversion ratio of 40. Which of the following should be the market price per share of the company's common stock at the start of the year?
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3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 7/12 Correct Answer Under $25. You Answered $25 Between $25 and $40. Above $40. Question 11 1 / 1 pts I and IV. I and V. Correct! II and IV. II and V. The excess of the price over the face value is a premium. A premium is paid because the coupon rate on the bond is greater than the market rate of interest. In other words, because the bond is paying a higher rate than other similar bonds, its price is bid up by investors. Question 12 1 / 1 pts If a $1 ,000 bond sells for $1,150, which of the following statements are true? I. The market rate of interest is greater than the coupon rate on the bond. II. The coupon rate on the bond is greater than the market rate of interest. Ill. The coupon rate and the market rate are equal. IV. The bond sells at a premium. V. The bond sells at a discount. The formula for calculating the value of one stock right when the price of the stock is rights-on is as follows: R on = (P on - S)/(N + 1) Where
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 8/12 $2.00 Correct! $2.50 $10.00 $40.00 Plugging the amounts into the formula produces a theoretical value of $2.50 per right: ($50- $40) ÷ (3 + 1) = $2.50. Question 13 0 / 1 pts Dividends are costly, and the firm should retain earnings and issue stock dividends. Dividends are irrelevant. You Answered The firm should pay dividends only after investing in all investment opportunities having an expected return greater than the cost of capital. Correct Answer Dividends provide information to the market. Where: R market value of one right when the stock is selling rights-on. P = market value of one share of stock with rights-on. N = number of rights necessary to purchase one share of stock. S = subscription price per share. If the market price of a stock is $50 per share, the subscription price is $40 per share, and three rights are necessary to buy an additional share of stock, the theoretical market value of one right used to buy the stock prior to the ex-rights date is on = on An active dividend policy assumes that
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 9/12 Question 14 1 / 1 pts Income bonds that require interest payments only when earnings permit. Subordinated debt and rank behind convertible bonds. Correct! Bonds secured by the full faith and credit worthiness of the issuing firm. A form of lease financing similar to equipment trust certificates. Debentures are unsecured bonds. Although no assets are mortgaged as security for the bonds, debentures are secured by the full faith and credit of the issuing firm. Debentures are a general obligation of the borrower. Only companies with the best credit ratings can issue debentures because only the company's credit rating and reputation secure the bonds. Question 15 0 / 1 pts You Answered No more than 10% of the private activity bond’s proceeds may be used for the acquisition of real property. No more than 95% of the private activity bond’s proceeds may be used for the acquisition of real property. No more than 70% of the private activity bond’s proceeds may be used for the acquisition of real property. Correct Answer No more than 25% of the private activity bond’s proceeds may be used for the acquisition of real property. Question 16 0 / 1 pts In project finance, the term debenture refers to To qualify for tax exemption, generally The equity section of Chenco's Statement of Financial Position is presented below Preferred stock, $100 par $12,000,000 Common stock, $5 par 15,000,000
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3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 10/12 1 ,000 additional shares. 3,774 additional shares. Correct Answer 5,000 additional shares. You Answered 3,333 additional shares. Question 17 1 / 1 pts Correct! The yield on government debt for the same term, plus a margin for extra risk The dividend payout to common shareholders during most recent calendar year The yearly dividend per share divided by the earnings per share adjusted for risk The total shareholder return of the prior year Pricing of bonds is usually based on the yield on government debt for the same term, plus a margin for extra risk. Question 18 1 / 1 pts Long-term bonds have a maturity date and must therefore be repaid in the future. Correct! Investors are exposed to greater risk with equity capital. Equity capital is in greater demand than debt capital. Paid-in capital in excess of par 18,000,000 Retained earnings 9,000,000 Net worth $54,000,000 The common shareholders of Chenco have preemptive rights. If Chenco issues 500,000 additional shares of common stock at $6 per share, a current holder of 30,000 shares of Chenco's common stock must be given the option to buy Bonds’ pricing is usually based on It is generally costlier for a firm to finance a project with equity capital than with debt capital because
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 11/12 Dividends fluctuate to a greater extent than interest rates. Providers of equity capital are exposed to more risk than are lenders because the firm is not obligated to pay them a return. Also, in case of liquidation, creditors are paid before equity investors. Thus, equity financing is more expensive than debt because equity investors require a higher return to compensate for the greater risk assumed. Question 19 1 / 1 pts All bonds in the issue mature on the same date. The yield to maturity is the same for all bonds in the issue. Correct! Investors can choose the maturity that suits their financial needs. The coupon rate on these bonds is adjusted to the maturity date. Serial bonds have staggered maturities; that is, they mature over a period (series) of years. Thus, investors can choose the maturity date that meets their investment needs. For example, an investor who will have a child starting college in 16 years can choose bonds that mature in 16 years. Question 20 1 / 1 pts The bondholder Correct! The issuer The bid bonder The bonding When using bond as a debt financing instrument, the project company is the issuer. The issuer, that is the project company, agrees to repay to the bond holder the amount of the bond plus interest on fixed future installment dates. Buyers of project-finance bonds are investors who require a good long-term fixed-rate return without taking equity risk, e.g. insurance companies and pension funds, which have matching long-term liabilities. The market for project-finance bonds is far narrower in scope than that for Some investors like serial bonds because When using bond as a debt financing instrument, the project company is
3/4/24, 6:13 PM Week 3: Test Your Knowledge (TYK): PJM 6075 WINTER 2024 PROJECT FINANCE 20736/21621 https://northeastern.instructure.com/courses/165089/quizzes/582941 12/12 bank loans, but significant in certain countries. Pricing is usually based on the yield on government debt for the same term, plus a margin for extra risk. Quiz Score: 16 out of 20
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