Himani Bansal_119717239_BAN120 Case Analysis
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Seneca College *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
BAN 120
Subject
Finance
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
6
Uploaded by BailiffComputer14693
Name
: Himani Bansal
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM(S)
Stanley Cirano is confused in making the decision regarding the financing of his two properties, Brookline
Road Shopping Center, and Columbus Festival Plaza. With interest rates near all-time lows in late 2015,
Cirano must make a choice of refinancing or selling the properties. The primary issue is to examine the most
strategic and financially beneficial approach for refinancing or selling the properties. As each property has its
own unique features, Cirano needs to compare financing options offered by various lenders. The challenge is
to determine the optimal financing strategy that aligns with Cirano's investment goals, risk tolerance, and
the unique characteristics of both properties.
DECISION CRITERIA
When evaluating financing options for Cirano's real estate investments, it is crucial to check their financial
viability. This means looking at the potential impact on cash flow, considering factors such as interest rates,
pre-payment penalties, loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, and amortization periods
. Additionally, it is important to
think about managing risks
, considering whether the lender can take back the property (
recourse
) or not
(
non-recourse
). This assessment helps Cirano identify and understand the potential risks associated with
each financing choice. In the decision-making process, it is important to incorporate an analysis of current market conditions
. This
includes an examination of real estate market dynamics, property values, and overall trends. By doing so,
Cirano can make well-informed decisions that align with the current market conditions, making the
investments more profitable. Also, the long-term strategy
plays a crucial role in guiding financing decisions. It is essential to align these
decisions with Cirano's overarching investment goals, considering how long Cirano plan to keep each
property. This strategic alignment ensures that the chosen financing options help Cirano achieve his long-
term investment goals.
ANALYSIS
Capital Structure Theory
: To analyze Cirano's situation, the theory that can be used is the Modigliani-Miller
theorem
. It states that value of a company is based on its underlying assets and future earnings, and under
certain assumptions is independent of its capital structure. However, in the real world, factors such as taxes
and bankruptcy costs may influence decisions. According to Capital structure theory, Value of a firm is independent of its capital structure. For Cirano, this
theory suggests that the choice between debt and equity should be based on the properties' individual
characteristics, risks, and the market environment. Cirano’s current financial structure is 35% Debt and 65%
Equity. With current DSCR of 1.78 for Brookline Road Shopping Centre and 3.04 for Columbus Festival Plaza
which is a lot higher than what lenders are demanding today, he has the capacity to take more debt and
increase leverage in the capital structure. For this, he explored different refinancing options.
Brookline Road Shopping Center
:
1. The option to refinance with Skyline Bank
offers a familiarity in relationship as Cirano has a pre-existing
loan with this bank. In addition, they are providing a minimal origination fee of $20,000 and appreciative LTV
of 65%. Even though they have a full recourse provision and high lockout period, their interest rate of 4.375%
is quite competitive. The maturity and amortization period are low as compared to other lenders.
2. If Cirano chooses Fourth Second Bank
, he will have to pay a high origination fee of 2% (roughly $72,000
assuming $6 million loan amount and LTV of 60%). They are providing low LTV of 60%, full recourse with
shorter lockout period of 2 years and lower interest rate of 3.625%. The maturity and amortization period
are average compared to other lenders.
3. The other option Cirano has is Regional Liberty
: Even though it gives maximum LTV up to 70%, they have
large lockout restriction period of 5 years with high origination fee of 1.50% and comparably high interest
rate of 4.625% with large maturity and amortization period. Their offer carriers a high prepayment cost of 5-
4-3-2-1 over the years 6-10 with no Recourse. Summary
: Assessing risk and return, Skyline Bank provides a sense of familiarity, with acceptable interest
rate. The origination fees and LTV is quite appreciative, but the final decision needs to balance this against
the cost and potential risks of full recourse. Fourth Second Bank offers a trade-off between a lower interest
rate and lockout period. Regional Liberty provides non-recourse financing, but the lower LTV and high
interest rate needs to be considered.
Columbus Festival Plaza
:
1. If Cirano choose Oakwood Commercial Mortgage
, it would give him an edge of 1% lower interest rate and
appreciative LTV of 65%. Additionally, it also gives low maturity of 3 years with comparable amortization
period and similar defeasance clause.
2. The other option Cirano has is Northwood National Bank
which offers high origination fees of 1.8% and
comparably low interest rate. Even though it has long maturity period of 10 years, but it has a 3-year lockout
period with 3% prepayment penalty thereafter with full recourse.
Summary
: Applying the Modigliani-Miller theorem, Cirano must consider whether the benefits of non-
recourse financing from Oakwood Commercial Mortgage outweigh the shorter maturity period and should
also consider the decrease in interest rate from the existing loan. Northwood National Bank offers a lower
interest rate
but involves long lockout period
and high prepayment penalty with full recourse
, introducing
additional risk.
ALTERNATIVES
When deciding on financing options for the Brookline Road Shopping Center, there are three different
choices to consider. First, Cirano could stick with Skyline Bank's offer
, prioritizing familiarity and the benefits
of an existing relationship. Alternatively, there is the option of choosing Fourth Second Bank
, which offers a
lower interest rate, however, with the trade-off of full recourse. Another possibility is to select Regional
Liberty
, which provides a higher loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and non-recourse financing; however, this choice
involves sacrificing some degree of familiarity.
Now, looking at financing for the Columbus Festival Plaza, there are two main options. Cirano could consider
Oakwood Commercial Mortgage
, which offers low interest rate and non-recourse financing but with a short
maturity. On the other hand, there is the choice of evaluating Northwood National Bank
, providing a lower
interest rate but requiring full recourse and high prepayment penalty and lockout period. Each of these
options presents a unique set of advantages and trade-offs, focussing on a careful evaluation based on the
specific priorities and preferences of the stakeholders involved.
DECISION(S)/RECOMMENDATIONS
Prioritizing the relationship with Skyline Bank
for Brookline aligns with the decision criteria, leveraging the
familiarity and moderate loan-to-value ratio (LTV)
offered by Skyline. This decision recognizes the
importance of existing relationships
and is in line with the property's strength i.e. financial performance and
strategic location.
For Columbus Festival Plaza, opting for Oakwood Commercial Mortgage
reflects a sound decision-making
process. Oakwood provides non-recourse financing
, addressing potential risks associated with the property’s
increase in operating costs and the need for defeasance of the original securitized debt. The lower interest
rate
offered by Oakwood also contributes to a more favorable financial outcome. Overall, these decisions are realistic, considering the market conditions, property-specific factors, and
Cirano's risk tolerance. The approach showcases an alignment with the established decision criteria,
effectively capitalizing on each property's strengths and mitigating potential challenges in a well-considered
manner.
IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation involves executing the chosen financing strategies. Cirano should initiate negotiations
with the selected lenders, complete due diligence
, and proceed with the refinancing process for both the
properties, aiming at securing favorable terms
that fulfill his goals. Additionally, careful monitoring of
market conditions
and property performance
should be ongoing to adapt to any changes in the real estate
landscape. Once negotiations and due diligence are successfully completed, the refinancing process will proceed
further. Formal loan agreements
will be prepared, reviewed by legal experts, and signed with the selected
lenders. The financial team will coordinate on with money paid from funds
and the transition from existing
loans to new financing structures.
Due to unexpected changes in market conditions, a backup plan should be in place. If interest rates rise
during negotiations or unexpected issues arise during due diligence, Cirano should be prepared to reassess
terms with lenders or explore alternative financing options. Ongoing monitoring
will involve regular
planning sessions, allowing for time to respond to potential challenges and informed decisions to protect the
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Do not provide solution in imge format. and also do not provide plagarised content otherwise i dislike.
Give the answer of all questions.
arrow_forward
Please Explain Proper Step by Step and Do Not Give Solution In Image Format And Fast Answering Please ? And Thanks In Advance
arrow_forward
A builder has located a piece of property that she would like to buy and eventually build on. The land is currently zoned for four homes
per acre, but she is planning to request new zoning. What she builds depends on approval of zoning requests and your analysis of this
problem to advise her. With her input and your help, the decision process has been reduced to the following costs, alternatives, and
probabilities:
Cost of land: $3 million.
Probability of rezoning: 0.40.
If the land is rezoned, there will be additional costs for new roads, lighting, and so on, of $1 million.
If the land is rezoned, the contractor must decide whether to build a shopping center or 1,400 apartments that the tentative plan
shows would be possible. If she builds a shopping center, there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell the shopping center to a large
department store chain for $5 million over her construction cost, which excludes the land; and there is a 50 percent chance that she
can sell it to an…
arrow_forward
A builder has located a piece of property that she would like to buy and eventually build on. The land is currently zoned for four homes
per acre, but she is planning to request new zoning. What she builds depends on approval of zoning requests and your analysis of this
problem to advise her. With her input and your help, the decision process has been reduced to the following costs, alternatives, and
probabilities:
Cost of land: $3 million.
Probability of rezoning: 0.40.
If the land is rezoned, there will be additional costs for new roads, lighting, and so on, of $1 million.
If the land is rezoned, the contractor must decide whether to build a shopping center or 1,400 apartments that the tentative plan
shows would be possible. If she builds a shopping center, there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell the shopping center to a large
department store chain for $5 million over her construction cost, which excludes the land; and there is a 50 percent chance that she
can sell it to an…
arrow_forward
A builder has located a piece of property that she would like to buy and eventually build on. The land is currently zoned for four homes per acre, but she is planning to request new zoning. What she builds depends on approval of zoning requests and your analysis of this problem to advise her. With her input and your help, the decision process has been reduced to the following costs, alternatives, and probabilities:
Cost of land: $3 million.
Probability of rezoning: 0.40.
If the land is rezoned, there will be additional costs for new roads, lighting, and so on, of $1 million.
If the land is rezoned, the contractor must decide whether to build a shopping center or 1,400 apartments that the tentative plan shows would be possible. If she builds a shopping center, there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell the shopping center to a large department store chain for $5 million over her construction cost, which excludes the land; and there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell it to…
arrow_forward
The property of the former administrative centre of Tyre Ltd (Tyre) is owned by the company. Tyre had decided in the year that the property was surplus to requirements and demolished the building on 10 June 2020. After demolition, the company will have to carry out remedial environmental work, which is a legal requirement resulting from the demolition. It was intended that the land would be sold after the remedial work had been carried out. However, land prices are currently increasing in value and, therefore, the company has decided that it will not sell the land immediately.
Tyre uses the cost model' in IAS16 Property, plant and equipment' and has owned the property for many years. Required:
Advise the directors how to treat the above in the financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2020.
arrow_forward
Current Attempt in Progress
Your answer is partially correct.
Vaughn Inc. owns and operates a number of hardware stores in the New England region. Recently, the company has decided to locate
another store in a rapidly growing area of Maryland. The company is trying to decide whether to purchase or lease the building and
related facilities.
Purchase: The company can purchase the site, construct the building, and purchase all store fixtures. The cost would be $1,865,700.
An immediate down payment of $415,500 is required, and the remaining $1,450,200 would be paid off over 5 years at $369,000 per
year (including interest payments made at end of year). The property is expected to have a useful life of 12 years, and then it will be
sold for $508,900. As the owner of the property, the company will have the following out-of-pocket expenses each period.
Property taxes (to be paid at the end of each year)
Insurance (to be paid at the beginning of each year)
Other (primarily maintenance which…
arrow_forward
A real estate investor has the opportunity to purchase land currently zoned as residential. If the county board approves a request to rezone the property as commercial within the next year, the investor will be able to lease the land to a large discount firm that wants to open a new store on the property. However, if the zoning change is not approved, the investor will have to sell the property at a loss. Profits (in thousands of dollars) are shown in the following payoff table:
State of Nature
Rezoning Approved
Rezoning Not Approved
Decision Alternative
s1
s2
Purchase, d1
600
-200
Do not purchase, d2
0
0
(a)
If the probability that the rezoning will be approved is 0.5, what decision is recommended?
Recommended Decision:
What is the expected profit? Enter your answer in dollars. For example, an answer of $200 thousands should be entered as 200,000.
$
arrow_forward
AG also owns a building which it bought in 2010 at a cost of $1.3 million. The current market price of the building is $3.0 million. AG management argues that we should not charge depreciation on the building because the asset has appreciated in value, not depreciated. What is your advice to AG? Justify your answer.
arrow_forward
Sub-Prime Loan Company is thinking of opening a new office, and the key data are shown below. The company owns the building that would be used, and it could sell it for $100,000 after taxes if it decides not to open the new office. The equipment for the project would be depreciated by the straight-line method over the project's 3-year life, after which it would be worth nothing and thus it would have a zero salvage value. No change in net operating working capital would be required, and revenues and other operating costs would be constant over the project's 3-year life. What is the project's NPV? (Hint: Cash flows are constant in Years 1-3.) Do not round the intermediate calculations and round the final answer to the nearest whole number. WACC 10.0%
Opportunity cost $100,000
Net equipment cost (depreciable basis) $65,000
Straight-line depr. rate for equipment 33.333%
Annual sales revenues $128,000
Annual operating costs (excl. depr.) $25,000
Tax rate 35%
arrow_forward
Rowell Company spent $3 million two years ago to build a plant for a new project. It then decided not to
go forward with the project, so the building is available for sale or for other new projects. Rowell owns
the building free and clear--there is no mortgage on it. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. If there is a mortgage loan on the building, then the interest on that loan would have to be charged to
any new project that used the building.
b. This is an example of an externality, because the very existence of the building affects the cash flows
for any new project that Rowell might consider.
c. Since the building was built in the past, its cost is a sunk cost and thus need not be considered when
new projects are being evaluated, even if it would be used by those new projects.
d. If the building could be sold, then the after-tax proceeds that would be generated by any such sale
should be charged as an opportunity cost to any new project that would use it.
arrow_forward
what is the sale price?
arrow_forward
Use the following information to answer questions 1 to 5.
A development corporation purchased land that will be the site of a new luxury condominium complex. Management is considering a six month market research study designed to learn more about potential market acceptance of the condominium project. Management anticipates that, if conducted, the market research study will provide one of the following two results.
1. Favorable report (F): A significant number of the individuals contacted express interest in purchasing a condominium.
2. Unfavorable report (U): Very few of the individuals contacted express interest in purchasing a condo- minium.
After deciding whether to conduct the market research study, they have the following two decision alternatives.
d1 = a small complex with 30 condominiumsd2 = a medium complex with 60 condominiumsFollowing this, a chance event concerning the demand for the condominiums has two states of nature. s1 = strong demand for the condominiumss2 = weak…
arrow_forward
Use the following information to answer questions 1 to 5.
A development corporation purchased land that will be the site of a new luxury condominium complex. Management is considering a six month market research study designed to learn more about potential market acceptance of the condominium project. Management anticipates that, if conducted, the market research study will provide one of the following two results.
1. Favorable report (F): A significant number of the individuals contacted express interest in purchasing a condominium.
2. Unfavorable report (U): Very few of the individuals contacted express interest in purchasing a condo- minium.
After deciding whether to conduct the market research study, they have the following two decision alternatives.
d1 = a small complex with 30 condominiumsd2 = a medium complex with 60 condominiumsFollowing this, a chance event concerning the demand for the condominiums has two states of nature. s1 = strong demand for the condominiumss2 = weak…
arrow_forward
can you help me to solve this question ??
arrow_forward
3
arrow_forward
(Multiple Choice Question)
Vanessa recently paid $200,000 cash to purchase both a building and equipment. The fair market value of the building is $180,000, and the fair market value of the equipment is $40,000. When recording this purchase, Vanessa should
1. None of the answers are correct
2. Credit Cash for $200,000 and Credit Mortgage Payable for $20,000
3. Debit Building for $198,000 and Equipment for $44,000
4. Debit Building for $180,000 and Equipment for $40,000
5. Debit Building for $163,636.36 and Equipment for $36,363.64
arrow_forward
Your client, Felix Hammond, the Chairman of a small local company, recently bought a motor van for GH₵15,000 on 1st January, 2016. The expected useful life of the motor van is three (3) years and at the end of the useful life it could be sold for GH₵3,500. He has asked you to clarify some points concerning depreciation. He later disposed of the motor van on 1st February, 2018 for GH₵6,300.Required:(a) Explain the aim of charging depreciation in the financial statements.7(b) Explain two methods of depreciation and a reason behind a choice.(c) Calculate the rate of depreciation using the reducing balance method.(d) Calculate the value of depreciation to be charged for 31st December, 2017.(d) Calculate the gains on the disposal of the motor van on 1st February, 2018.
arrow_forward
Solve this please
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Individual Income Taxes
Accounting
ISBN:9780357109731
Author:Hoffman
Publisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT
Essentials of Business Analytics (MindTap Course ...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305627734
Author:Jeffrey D. Camm, James J. Cochran, Michael J. Fry, Jeffrey W. Ohlmann, David R. Anderson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- Do not provide solution in imge format. and also do not provide plagarised content otherwise i dislike. Give the answer of all questions.arrow_forwardPlease Explain Proper Step by Step and Do Not Give Solution In Image Format And Fast Answering Please ? And Thanks In Advancearrow_forwardA builder has located a piece of property that she would like to buy and eventually build on. The land is currently zoned for four homes per acre, but she is planning to request new zoning. What she builds depends on approval of zoning requests and your analysis of this problem to advise her. With her input and your help, the decision process has been reduced to the following costs, alternatives, and probabilities: Cost of land: $3 million. Probability of rezoning: 0.40. If the land is rezoned, there will be additional costs for new roads, lighting, and so on, of $1 million. If the land is rezoned, the contractor must decide whether to build a shopping center or 1,400 apartments that the tentative plan shows would be possible. If she builds a shopping center, there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell the shopping center to a large department store chain for $5 million over her construction cost, which excludes the land; and there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell it to an…arrow_forward
- A builder has located a piece of property that she would like to buy and eventually build on. The land is currently zoned for four homes per acre, but she is planning to request new zoning. What she builds depends on approval of zoning requests and your analysis of this problem to advise her. With her input and your help, the decision process has been reduced to the following costs, alternatives, and probabilities: Cost of land: $3 million. Probability of rezoning: 0.40. If the land is rezoned, there will be additional costs for new roads, lighting, and so on, of $1 million. If the land is rezoned, the contractor must decide whether to build a shopping center or 1,400 apartments that the tentative plan shows would be possible. If she builds a shopping center, there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell the shopping center to a large department store chain for $5 million over her construction cost, which excludes the land; and there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell it to an…arrow_forwardA builder has located a piece of property that she would like to buy and eventually build on. The land is currently zoned for four homes per acre, but she is planning to request new zoning. What she builds depends on approval of zoning requests and your analysis of this problem to advise her. With her input and your help, the decision process has been reduced to the following costs, alternatives, and probabilities: Cost of land: $3 million. Probability of rezoning: 0.40. If the land is rezoned, there will be additional costs for new roads, lighting, and so on, of $1 million. If the land is rezoned, the contractor must decide whether to build a shopping center or 1,400 apartments that the tentative plan shows would be possible. If she builds a shopping center, there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell the shopping center to a large department store chain for $5 million over her construction cost, which excludes the land; and there is a 50 percent chance that she can sell it to…arrow_forwardThe property of the former administrative centre of Tyre Ltd (Tyre) is owned by the company. Tyre had decided in the year that the property was surplus to requirements and demolished the building on 10 June 2020. After demolition, the company will have to carry out remedial environmental work, which is a legal requirement resulting from the demolition. It was intended that the land would be sold after the remedial work had been carried out. However, land prices are currently increasing in value and, therefore, the company has decided that it will not sell the land immediately. Tyre uses the cost model' in IAS16 Property, plant and equipment' and has owned the property for many years. Required: Advise the directors how to treat the above in the financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2020.arrow_forward
- Current Attempt in Progress Your answer is partially correct. Vaughn Inc. owns and operates a number of hardware stores in the New England region. Recently, the company has decided to locate another store in a rapidly growing area of Maryland. The company is trying to decide whether to purchase or lease the building and related facilities. Purchase: The company can purchase the site, construct the building, and purchase all store fixtures. The cost would be $1,865,700. An immediate down payment of $415,500 is required, and the remaining $1,450,200 would be paid off over 5 years at $369,000 per year (including interest payments made at end of year). The property is expected to have a useful life of 12 years, and then it will be sold for $508,900. As the owner of the property, the company will have the following out-of-pocket expenses each period. Property taxes (to be paid at the end of each year) Insurance (to be paid at the beginning of each year) Other (primarily maintenance which…arrow_forwardA real estate investor has the opportunity to purchase land currently zoned as residential. If the county board approves a request to rezone the property as commercial within the next year, the investor will be able to lease the land to a large discount firm that wants to open a new store on the property. However, if the zoning change is not approved, the investor will have to sell the property at a loss. Profits (in thousands of dollars) are shown in the following payoff table: State of Nature Rezoning Approved Rezoning Not Approved Decision Alternative s1 s2 Purchase, d1 600 -200 Do not purchase, d2 0 0 (a) If the probability that the rezoning will be approved is 0.5, what decision is recommended? Recommended Decision: What is the expected profit? Enter your answer in dollars. For example, an answer of $200 thousands should be entered as 200,000. $arrow_forwardAG also owns a building which it bought in 2010 at a cost of $1.3 million. The current market price of the building is $3.0 million. AG management argues that we should not charge depreciation on the building because the asset has appreciated in value, not depreciated. What is your advice to AG? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
- Sub-Prime Loan Company is thinking of opening a new office, and the key data are shown below. The company owns the building that would be used, and it could sell it for $100,000 after taxes if it decides not to open the new office. The equipment for the project would be depreciated by the straight-line method over the project's 3-year life, after which it would be worth nothing and thus it would have a zero salvage value. No change in net operating working capital would be required, and revenues and other operating costs would be constant over the project's 3-year life. What is the project's NPV? (Hint: Cash flows are constant in Years 1-3.) Do not round the intermediate calculations and round the final answer to the nearest whole number. WACC 10.0% Opportunity cost $100,000 Net equipment cost (depreciable basis) $65,000 Straight-line depr. rate for equipment 33.333% Annual sales revenues $128,000 Annual operating costs (excl. depr.) $25,000 Tax rate 35%arrow_forwardRowell Company spent $3 million two years ago to build a plant for a new project. It then decided not to go forward with the project, so the building is available for sale or for other new projects. Rowell owns the building free and clear--there is no mortgage on it. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. If there is a mortgage loan on the building, then the interest on that loan would have to be charged to any new project that used the building. b. This is an example of an externality, because the very existence of the building affects the cash flows for any new project that Rowell might consider. c. Since the building was built in the past, its cost is a sunk cost and thus need not be considered when new projects are being evaluated, even if it would be used by those new projects. d. If the building could be sold, then the after-tax proceeds that would be generated by any such sale should be charged as an opportunity cost to any new project that would use it.arrow_forwardwhat is the sale price?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Individual Income TaxesAccountingISBN:9780357109731Author:HoffmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENTEssentials of Business Analytics (MindTap Course ...StatisticsISBN:9781305627734Author:Jeffrey D. Camm, James J. Cochran, Michael J. Fry, Jeffrey W. Ohlmann, David R. AndersonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Individual Income Taxes
Accounting
ISBN:9780357109731
Author:Hoffman
Publisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT
Essentials of Business Analytics (MindTap Course ...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305627734
Author:Jeffrey D. Camm, James J. Cochran, Michael J. Fry, Jeffrey W. Ohlmann, David R. Anderson
Publisher:Cengage Learning