FIN490 Week 3 Discussion 1
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For this week’s discussion, I chose to review Costco's financials. The cost of equity, according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, is determined by Cost of Equity = Risk−Free Rate+Beta×Market Risk Premium
According to Yahoo Finance, Costco's beta is 0.77. For the short-term assumptions, the market risk premium rate will be 8.5%, and the risk-free rate will be the 90-day (three month) Treasury Yield Curve Rate, which is 5.47 as of December 11th, according to the U.S. Department of the Treasury (2023). The following table shows my calculations with the resulting cost of equity of 12.015%.
Beta
Market Risk Premium
Risk-Free Rate
Cost of Equity
0.77
0.085
0.0547
0.12015
For the next chart, we calculate the cost of equity using long-term assumptions. The beta will remain at 0.77; however, the risk premium rate will be 7.0%, and the risk-free rate will be the 20-year Treasury Yield Curve Rate of 4.51% as of December 11th, according to the U.S. Department of the
Treasury (2023). The following table shows the values used to calculate the new long-term cost of equity of 9.90%.
Beta
Market Risk Premium
Risk-Free Rate
Cost of Equity
0.77
0.07
0.0451
0.099
Comparison of Cost of Equity Estimates:
1. Short-term Risk-Free Rate (3-month yield): 12.015%
2. Long-term Risk-Free Rate (20-year yield): 9.90%
Hypothesis on Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Impact:
The difference in the estimated cost of equity based on short-term and long-
term risk-free rates implies that the choice of risk-free rate assumption can have a notable impact on the overall cost of capital for the company. A higher cost of equity, as calculated using the short-term risk-free rate, suggests a higher required rate of return for equity investors. This may be influenced by more immediate economic conditions and short-term uncertainties. On the other hand, the lower cost of equity based on the long-
term risk-free rate suggests a lower required rate of return, possibly reflecting a more stable and less volatile long-term economic outlook. The WACC is a weighted average of the cost of equity and the cost of debt. If the company has a significant amount of debt, the change in the cost of equity would have a more pronounced impact on the WACC if the debt proportion is
low. If the company has a higher proportion of debt, the impact would be diluted.
Discussion on Beta and Debt:
Beta is a measure of the company's sensitivity to market movements. In this case, a beta of 0.77 suggests that the company is less volatile than the market.
The amount of debt is crucial in the WACC calculation. A higher debt level can lower the WACC because debt is often cheaper than equity due to the tax deductibility of interest.
Question about Market Risk Premiums:
One question to consider is how accurately the market risk premium is estimated. The market-risk premium is a key component of the CAPM formula, and small changes in its value can significantly impact the cost of equity. How is the market risk premium determined, and how sensitive is the
cost of equity to changes in this parameter?
Conclusion:
The choice of risk-free rate assumption and other factors in the CAPM formula can lead to different estimates of the cost of equity. Understanding the impact on WACC is essential for making informed financial decisions and evaluating the company's investment opportunities.
References:
Yahoo Finance. (2023). Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST)
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/COST?p=COST
Links to an external site.
U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2023). Daily Treasury par yield curve rates.
https://home.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-
rates/TextView?
type=daily_treasury_yield_curve&field_tdr_date_value=2023
Links to an external site.
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Finance
ISBN:9780134897264
Author:KEOWN, Arthur J., Martin, John D., PETTY, J. William
Publisher:Pearson,
Fundamentals of Financial Management (MindTap Cou...
Finance
ISBN:9781337395250
Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Joel F. Houston
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Corporate Finance (The Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series i...
Finance
ISBN:9780077861759
Author:Stephen A. Ross Franco Modigliani Professor of Financial Economics Professor, Randolph W Westerfield Robert R. Dockson Deans Chair in Bus. Admin., Jeffrey Jaffe, Bradford D Jordan Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education