Lab 8
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School
CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community College *
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Course
100
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by KidNightingalePerson728
Report Template
1.
Green Infrastructure
2.
What are the porosity and permeability levels of sand, soil and gravel.
3.
Soil will be able to hold the most amount of water
4.
Methods:
a.
Using water and sand, soil and gravel we will use the Formula for calculating
porosity and permeability:
(Volume of water added/Volume of substrate) *100% = Porosity of the given
material
Formula for calculating permeability: Distance (cm)/Time (s) = Flow rate (cm/s)
b.
Gather the collected data and input into excel.
5.
Results
a.
Question 1
Table 3: Class
results of
porosity and
permeability
tests for soil,
sand, and
gravel.
Building
Material
Porosity (%)
Permeability
(cm/s)
Soil
48
2
72
2.5
62
2
Average
60.66666667 2.166666667
Standard
Error
12.05542755 0.2886751346
Sand
49
0.125
39
6
40
0.66
Average
42.66666667 2.261666667
Standard
Error
5.507570547 3.248524024
Gravel
37
0.9
43
10
36
0.9
Report Template
b.
Soil is more porous. The soil wasn’t compacted and still had room so it was able
to hold more water.
c.
Gravel has the highest permeability of any material, averaging 3.93 cm/s. This is
not surprising because gravel usually has larger pore holes and particle sizes,
which allow for faster water movement. Sand has the lowest permeability of any
substance, averaging 2.26 cm/s. This could be because, in comparison to the
bigger particles in gravel, sand's finer particle size can provide a denser structure,
slowing down water flow.
d.
Sand had the most variability in porosity, as seen by the highest standard error
(5.51), indicating a greater amount of inconsistency in the measurements of
porosity. With a standard error of 5.25 for permeability, gravel had the largest
variability, indicating more variation in its permeability results.
6.
Discussion
a.
Was your hypothesis supported?
b.
The substances where in a stable high position so gravity helped with the flow of
the water. He also added a cotton ball to the bottom, something we did not do.
c.
The different rates at which different substrates drain indicate variations in their capacity to hold
onto water and related materials.Gravel: Water can pass quickly through gravel, thereby
removing contaminants and nutrients poorly absorbed.
Water and related materials are not as
well-retained in gravel.
Sand: Although it allows some water flow, the finer particles in sand can help to partly hold
pollutants and nutrients. The drainage rate, however, indicates that not all chemicals that are
soluble in water are maintained.
Soil: Containing both organic and inorganic components, soil is better able to hold on to water as
well as nutrients.
d.
Porosity measures how much water can be held. Permeability measures how
much water can flow through.
7.
Conclusions/Future Work
a.
You would seek for materials with high porosity and moderate permeability while
building a stormwater management system with the goal of retaining as much
stormwater as possible.
This is so that more open spaces can capture and hold
onto water due to high porosity, such as that found in soil (average of 60.67%),
and moderate permeability, such as that found in soil (average of 2.17 cm/s),
which allows for controlled water flow, preventing quick drainage and allowing
longer retention within the system.
b.
Figure 1: my soil stacking
Average
38.66666667 3.933333333
Standard
Error
3.785938897 5.25388745
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