ExamIIStudyGuide

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Fullerton College *

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100

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Geology

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by eyeaye

Exam #2 Study Guide Minerals 1. Define the three parts of an atom. o What part(s) of an atom is/are considered its atomic number? o What part(s) of an atom can develop bonds? o What part(s) of an atom is/are used to determine the mass of an atom? 2. Understand the types of elements present on the periodic table (metals, non- metals, Noble gases) 3. Understand the difference between ionic, covalent and metallic bonds, and name minerals that have each type of bond. 4. Understand the chemical formulas of minerals according to the Dana Classification chart presented in class. 5. Be able to list the physical properties of minerals and match them to existing minerals in the Dana Classification chart presented in class 6. What approximate percentage of the Earth’s crust consists of silicate minerals? 7. Determine the differences between mafic and felsic minerals and compare them to Bowen’s Reaction Series Igneous Rocks 1. Understand how igneous rocks are a part of the rock cycle. 2. Understand the two major types of partial melting, where these occur (plate boundaries), and what type of volcano these can produce. 3. Define the difference between magma and lava, and how each produces different types of igneous rocks. 4. Understand the terms intrusive and extrusive. 5. Understand the technical terms used to describe different crystal sizes in igneous rocks. 6. Classify igneous rocks according to whether they are intrusive/extrusive or felsic/intermediate/mafic. Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks 1. Sediments result from these processes…(name and describe them) 1) weathering of preexisting rocks , 2) transport of the weathering products, 3) deposition of the material, followed by 4) compaction, and 5) cementation of the sediment to form a rock. The latter two steps are called lithification

2. What are the primary mode(s) of sediment transport? gravity (gravity transport), river and stream flow, ice, wind, and estuarine and ocean currents 3. There are three types of sediment. What are they called? clastic, biogenic, and chemical , 4. Sedimentary rocks are formed through a process called lithification, which involves…? lithification is the process by which clay, sand, and other sediments on the bottom of the ocean or other bodies of water are slowly compacted into rocks from the weight of overlying sediments . 5. True or False . Most sedimentary rocks are made of silicates and carbonates. True 6. An example of a clastic sedimentary rock is… sandstone and mudstone 7. An example of a chemical sedimentary rock is… limestone . 8. An example of an organic sedimentary rock is… 9. coal 10. Clastic texture includes differences in grain…? 11. Sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers, with the _________ rocks at the top and the __________ rocks at the bottom of a formation. 12. Which sedimentary structure is used to aid in determining geologic time? 13. bedding

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