ENGL 1101 Class8

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School

Brooklyn College, CUNY *

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Course

1101

Subject

History

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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1

Uploaded by CoachIronRaven25

Here, Jin Canrong mentioned a time node: the 13th century. So what does this time mean for Europe? As mentioned above, Europe entered the Middle Ages from the 5th century, so what is the Middle Ages? Because in the 5th century, the Western Roman Empire was destroyed by the Germanic barbarians from the forests of Eastern Europe. Europe went from the unified Roman era to the era of a large group of Germanic barbarian kingdoms juxtaposed. Later, these Germanic barbarian kingdoms all converted to Christianity. In the 8th century, Charlemagne, the king of the Frankish kingdom of the Germanic barbarians, became the "Emperor of Rome" after being crowned by the Pope. He established a new system, in which the king governed the human world and Christianity governed the divine power. This dual system of parallel monarchy and divine power seems reasonable, but it has a fatal bug, that is, the coronation rights of European kings come from the pope, which is the so-called "divine right of kings." As this bug gradually developed, It became that divine power was higher than royal power and higher than everything else, so the power of religion became more and more powerful, even covering the sky with one hand. For example, the Pope can set up the Inquisition in Europe to conduct religious trials. For example, the Italian scientist and philosopher Bruno was burned at the stake after being subjected to religious trials. For example, the Pope can issue orders. The Crusades that began in the 11th century were initiated by the Pope. For example, the German Emperor Henry IV in the 11th century was directly "excommunicated" by the Pope because of his disagreement with the Pope. The German Emperor had to kneel outside the Pope's door for three days and three nights before he was forgiven.
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