CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity Template History of Policing in America To complete this template, replace the bracketed text with the relevant information. Describe major policing events or evolutions in American policing during each era. Write three or more sentences in each cell where a response is required. American Policing: The Colonial Experience American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries The North: The Watch The American colonist didn’t have an easy experience and they were constantly at risk from foreign enemies and from fellow colonists. The only form of protection was self-defense or used the military/militia. Night watch was performed by the military; and Boston created the first colonial night watch in 1631 which created the position of constable three years later. The Urban Experience The most common form of American law enforcement was the system of constable in the daytime and then the watchmen at night. Crime such as street riots and drunkenness were extremely common, and the police were incompetent at handling these crimes. Policing from 1900 to 1960 A lot of attempts at reforming the police failed during this time period. An early attempt at police reform was the creation of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) in 1893. The IACP has remained as a significant force in policing today. During 1913 the police motorcycle was being used by police departments in the Northeast. While the first police car was used in Akron, Ohio around 1910. And then the police wagon was first used in Cincinnati around 1912. Around 1920’s the patrol car was being used all over which changed police work by allowing police to respond quickly to crimes and allowing them to cover more territory. The South: Slave Patrols and Codes Slave patrols were well known in several of the early colonies because it was a means of apprehending the runaway slaves and protecting the white population from crimes committed by slaves. The slave patrols were a formal system of social control to maintain the institution of The Southern Experience Slave patrols was a form of American southern policing and possibly one of the first organized police operations in the United States. The largest law enforcement organization in the United States was Charleston’s slave patrol that had about 100 members in 1837. Policing in the 1960s and 1970s During the 1960s and the 1970s were times of great tension and change that probably formed the most turbulent era for policing in the U.S. history. Numerous social problems permeated during those decades and the police were in the center of each one. Marches, demonstrations,
American Policing: The Colonial Experience American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries slavery by enforcing restrictive laws against slaves. The slave codes were designed to ensure the economic survival of southern society. The slave codes mandated that slaves had no rights as citizens because they were considered property. riots that burned down entire neighborhoods in U.S. urban centers was reaching its peak. The Vietnam was reaching its height and soldiers were dying which caused students to cross the United States to protest the war and governmental policies. Martin Luther King, Jr. was at the forefront of the civil rights marches; 1963 Dr. King led over 25,000 demonstrators on the historic march on Washington. No response required The Frontier Experience Early settlers faced numerous problems and had to deal with criminals within their own ranks, but formal law enforcement was extremely rare. What little law enforcement there was mainly locally elected country sheriff and the appointed town marshal, and possibly alongside the U.S. marshal and Army. Policing in the 1980s and 1990s The first terrorist bombing was on New York City’s World Trade Center in 1993 which followed by the bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1995. During those terrorist attacks, police agencies from all over the nation performed numerous heroic and successful actions that saved the lives and resulted in the eventual criminal prosecution of the offenders. There was technological advancement during this time; it allowed more record keeping, fingerprinting, and criminal investigations. In 1997 the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reported that serious crimes had the fifth annual decrease in a row since 1992. That decrease in violent crime was the largest in 36 years. No response required No response required Policing in the 2000s The issues that influenced policing since the creation of the first organized police forces in the early nineteenth century continued to dominate the police landscape. Most of these issues were police
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