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Coulomb’s Law Professor Dhiraj Maheswari January 27 th , 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to learn and practice the concept of Coulomb’s law using an online simulation. The purpose of Coulomb’s law, originally published in 1785, is to predict the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between two forces. Coulomb’s law uses measure values of charge, distance, and coulomb’s constant to measure the magnitude of the electrostatic force. Introduction The magnitude of the electrostatic force between two charges is proportional to the product of the magnitude of the two charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them squared. Coulomb’s law mirrors Newton’s law of gravitation. The force of gravity between two mass is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the distance squared. Just as with gravitational force, electric force magnitude increases with the magnitude of the charges. It is important to note that charges that are the same will repel each other, meaning two positive charges or two negative charges repel one another. Opposite charges, a negative and a positive charge, however, attract.

Procedure In this experiment, use the simulation in the link to PhET Interactive Simulations at the University of Colorado Boulder: PhET Interactive Simulations , use the macro scale tab to become familiar with Coulomb’s law in practice. In the simulation, we are able to:  increase force by decreasing distance increase the magnitude of the charges  decrease force by increasing distance decrease the magnitude of the charges Set up charge values supplied by the information in charts below and record answers. Use the values from the second row of data in Table 2 and plug them into the equation for Coulomb’s Law to solve for the Force. Considering this to be the theoretical value, calculate the % error for this trial. Plot a graph with Vernier Graphical Analysis using the values from Table 3. On the y-axis place the product of the charges q1 and q2, and on the x-axis place the squared distance between the charges. Use the best fit option in the graphing tool and determine the shape of the slope. Data and Evaluation TABLE 1: Changing Charge 1 Charge 1 ( μC ) Charge 2 (value to set on slidebar) Distance between charges (cm) Force (of 1 on 2) Force (of 2 on 1) Arrow direction (away or

( μC ) ( N ) ( N ) toward each other) 2 8 4 89.876 89.876 away 4 8 4 179.751 179.751 away 6 8 4 269.627 269.627 away 8 8 4 359.502 359.502 away 10 8 4 449.378 449.378 away TABLE 2: Changing Charge 2 Charge 1 ( μC ) Charge 2 (value to set on slidebar) ( μC ) Distance between charges (cm) Force (of 1 on 2) ( N ) Force (of 2 on 1) ( N ) Arrow direction (away or toward each other) -3 2 5 21.570 21.570 toward -3 4 5 43.140 43.140 toward -3 6 5 64.710 64.710 toward -3 8 5 86.280 86.280 toward -3 10 5 107.851 107.851 toward

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