Word order

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University of Delaware *

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101

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Linguistics

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Oct 30, 2023

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6

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Introduction Word Order Co-occurrence What is Syntax? Syntax : study of phrase/sentence structure Sentences are formed out of words and phrases . Words and phrases linguistic expressions Linguistic expressions: form + meaning + syntactic property (1) a. Sally likes Bob. b. * Likes Bob Sally. (2) a. I eat cookies! b. * Me eat cookies! Sentences are assembled according to the syntactic properties. Well-formed sentences = Grammatical Ill-formed sentences = Ungrammatical Keita Ishii (University of Delaware) Syntax: Day 1LING101 Introduction to Language
Introduction Word Order Co-occurrence Word Order English is an SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) language. (10) a. Sally ate an apple. (SVO) b. *Sally an apple ate. (SOV) c. *Ate Sally an apple. (VSO) d. *Ate an apple Sally. (VOS) Note: the term ‘word order’ here refers to the typical/unmarked word order in a language. Word order is not absolute, as we see in (11) and (12). (11) Is Sally a student of linguistics? (12) Sally : I know you don’t like apples, Polly, so I made you a pecan pie instead of an apple pie. Polly : Oh, apples, I like. It’s pears that I can’t stand. Keita Ishii (University of Delaware) Syntax: Day 1LING101 Introduction to Language
Introduction Word Order Co-occurrence Canonical word orders in other language Canonical word orders may di ff er from language to language. (13) Japanese (SOV) Ken-ga Ken- ringo-o apple- tabe-ta eat- ‘Ken ate an apple.’ (14) Malagasy (VOS) Manasa wash lamba clothes ny the lehilahy. man ‘The man washed clothes.’ Keita Ishii (University of Delaware) Syntax: Day 1LING101 Introduction to Language
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