Chapter 5 (Wright) Guiding Questions

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Linguistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Fabian 1 Giselle Fabian Bed 3311- Saturday class March 11 , 2023 Chapter 5 (Wright) Guiding Questions 1. What are the essential components of any instructional models and programs for ELs? The essential components of ELL programs consist of English as a second language, content - area instruction taught in the home language or through sheltered English instruction, and primary language support. English as a second language consists of Pull - Out English as a Second Language and In - Class English as a Second Language. Pull - Out English as a Second Language is when a certified teacher pulls a student out of class to do their ESL lesson. In - Class English as a Second Language is when a certified teacher has a classroom with ELLs in it and can give them ESL lessons without having to move them to another classroom. Content - Area Instruction consists of Home Language Instruction and Sheltered Instruction. Home Language Instruction is when the students are mostly taught in their home language. Teaching in their home language will help them understand the material better because it is easier for them to learn in their home language first. Sheltered Instruction is an approach to instruction that a teacher can use to help ELLs to learn English and content - area knowledge within the same instruction. Primary Language Support is when a teacher uses the students home language for a short time during sheltered instruction and ESL instruction. This allows the students to understand the instruction better. 2. What is the difference between English as a second language (ESL) and sheltered instruction? There are some differences between English as a Second Language and sheltered instruction. English as a Second Language is an instructional program for student 's whose first language is not English. This program 's purpose is to increase their English language proficiency. It focuses on teaching them how to read, write, and speak. Sheltered instruction is when a teacher 's lessons allow the students to learn English and content area knowledge simultaneously. It is taught in English and has emphasis on content instruction through language. It focuses on the student 's learning math, social studies, art, etc. 3. What are the pros and cons of various English-medium and bilingual education models and programs?

Fabian 2 The cons of the Pull-Out English as a Second Language Instruction are that the students will miss important information being taught in their regular classroom while they are pulled out, teachers may feel like they are not responsible for their ESL students’ academic success just because an ESL teacher pulls them out for a short time, the students may feel embarrassed to be pulled out every day in front of their classmates, and what the ESL teacher is teaching and what their regular teacher is teaching may not always be connected which might confuse the student. The pros are that the students are at least getting a little help instead of just being lost in an English only classroom, the students participate a lot more in their ESL instruction, and the students were a lot more successful in pull-out ESL compared to those without any ESL instruction. The cons of In-Class English as a Second Language Instruction are that the students don’t get enough one on one time to help understand the material and the school may not provide the necessary materials for the ESL teachers to use. The pros are that the student won’t miss any class instruction, the teachers are fully responsible for their student’s academic success, and the school will save money because they won’t have to hire more teachers if they just hire ESL certified teachers in the first place. The con of Sheltered (Structured) English Immersion (SEI) is that the teacher may not be a certified ESL teacher or does not help the student enough for them to be academically successful. The pro is that they are learning English and gaining important knowledge in subjects such as math or science. The cons of Newcomer Programs are that ELLs are separated into different classrooms when they will succeed more in a regular classroom around English speakers, they are expensive to keep running, and they don’t teach enough content-area instruction. The pros are that they teach students beginner level English skills, and they help increase the students home language literacy skills. The cons of Submersion are that the kids get tossed in regular classroom with no ESL instruction at all, and the teachers are not ESL certified. The pros is that there are no pros because the ELLs do not benefit from this at all. The cons of Transitional Bilingual Education Programs are that they assume the students can become fluent in the second language within 2-3 years, they are separated from their English- speaking classmates, and that students lose their native language because it may not be included in anything, so they forget. The pro is that they offer students a way to develop academic content. The con of Developmental Bilingual Education Programs is that they don’t get federal support. The pros are that the student will learn in both languages so that they become fully bilingual, and their native language is seen as a resource. The con of Dual Language Programs is that there is a lack of bilingual teachers for languages other than Spanish. The pros are that students who have the same background can be in the same classroom becoming fully bilingual even if some of the students are there to learn Spanish. The cons of Bilingual Immersion Programs are none. The pros are that the student will learn and become bilingual when they began as an English-speaking student. The cons of Heritage Language Programs are none right now because it is so new. The pros are that the students are making quick progress and increasing their proficiency in the language they are learning. 4. How can educators determine what type of program is appropriate for their context? Educators have a few distinct options from which to choose when selecting the type of English language instruction program that would be most suitable for a particular setting. On the other hand, students who are in their early years and already possess a strong command of the English language are typically better suited for participation in Bilingual Immersion Programs . In contrast, Dual Language and Transitional Bilingual Education Programs are typically better suited to students in their later years

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