Discussion 5 ABA 630
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Discussion 5: Week 5
For this discussion board, please create this task analysis as well as a treatment integrity data collection sheet for Mark.
In the ABA field, we are trained to help our clients to improve their skills or learn new behaviors to live a safe life; establish and enhance socially important skills. The therapy that we as ABA practitioners provide is to understand the behaviors that our clients display and find solutions to help them. The goal is to increase preferred behaviors and decrease or extinguish the harmful and or unwanted behaviors. After meaningful observations and data collection with our clients and their family and teachers we can come up with sets of skills that they would need to learn or improve on. When learning new behaviors, we need to look at
what our client already knows; their repertoire in order to see where we need to start from as in coming up with new behaviors. When we are trying to have our client learn a new behavior,
we would need to come up with step-by-step instructions for our client to learn the behavior. These step-by-step instructions are called task analysis and task analysis is defined as involvement of breaking down complex tasks into smaller, simpler parts, the result of steps or procedures that are put into chronological order (Cooper et al. 2020). In Mayer et al. (2019), the book presented another type of task analysis called rational task analysis which in terms studies the client and specifies the development or technique we believe to be the reason in performing the task; to use our own experiences as a beginning point. We then see if our own task analysis is easy to understand by having another person try and follow the analysis and adjust where it is necessary. To assist with implementing new behaviors for our clients, we use
token economy to make learning the new behavior something that they want to do because they are slowly earning a preferred stimulus at the end of obtaining the specified number of tokens. Cooper et al. (2020) defined token economy as a reinforcement-based system used to enhance numerous behaviors with diverse clients.
With the given scenario, we are asked to create a task analysis with treatment integrity data collection sheet for Mark for a student who hardly turned in their homework with the assistance of a token economy. First with wanting to change a behavior, there always has to be
some type of observation and in this case, if it is possible, have Mark talk to the guardians of the student and do some indirect observations and also do direct observations with the client to see what he can do and offer to his client. After succeeding in doing the observations, Mark
will be able to come up with what he can offer his student as reinforcement(s). The next step for Mark to do is to give all the data that he collected and show it to Marilyn so they both can come up with what the task analysis should have. The steps in implementing the task analysis can first start with:
Step 1: Identify the target
skill/behavior
SCORES
A.
Define the target skill/behavior in observable and measurable terms
Step 2: Collect Baseline Data
A.
Measure a learner’s used of the target
skill/behavior before implementing a token system programs by collecting:
Frequency Data
Duration Data
B. Collect Baseline Data for a minimum of 4 days before implementing a token system program.
C. Collect Baseline data in various settings and times.
Scoring Key: 2= High Compliance; 1= moderate compliance; 0= Low compliance; N/A
Step 3: Determine Token Values and Exchange Rate-Create theme and exchange rates
A.
Determine how many tokens are required before the student receives the reinforcer.
Step 4: Develop a Token System
A.
Create a token that is age and developmentally appropriate for
the student.
B.
Set up a system for exchanging tokens
Step 5: Explain the token system to the student.
A.
Clearly explain to the student how the tokens will be used and when will they receive the reinforcer.
Step 6: Identify the Reinforcers and Provide Consistent Reinforcement
A.
Create a list of Reinforcers for the students.
B.
Observe the student in the natural setting and identify the objects, activities and
C.
Provide the potential reinforcers by
asking the students what they would like to work for.
Intervention
Step 7: Implement the token system program.
A.
Start with explain to the student
B.
Target the behavior/skill
C.
How the token program works,
and the number of tokens needed for reinforcement.
1. Teacher will display the instructions
for earing and exchanging tokens.
2. When starting the token system, immediately provide token to student after successful behavior/skill.
3. Pair giving the token to the student for displaying social skills.
4. Provide opportunities to the student
for desired reinforcement(s) when the number of tokens has been achieved.
5. Assemble a list of reinforcers for continued motivation.
6. Provide token(s) for successful target skill/behavior within all settings.
7. Slowly diminish the use of the tokens as the student starts to master the program to provide independence. Task Analysis as a List:
1.
Identify Target behavior/skill.
2.
Collect Baseline Data
3.
Determine Token Economy System. (Create a theme for client and use it for every successful homework turned in and the number of needed tokens for reinforcement(s)).
Start off by providing reinforcement with every successful target behavior/skill displayed.
4.
Develop the token economy in the new behavior program that is appropriate to the age and developmental status of the student.
5.
Explain the token system to the student and how it will be given and rewarded.
6.
Identify the reinforcers of the student.
7.
Implement the token system with the program.
8.
Monitor student’s progress with the token board system every week and determine if any changes are needed to be made.
Once the task analysis has been made up for Mark (the steps above), the treatment integrity is then implemented. Treatment integrity is defined as the procedures that are used in
a manner to be consistent with the prescribe protocols and is necessary for reaching the correct assumptions regarding purposeful relations between the behavior and the environment (
Falakfarsa et al.,2021)
. Treatment integrity is basically how reliable are the steps of a treatment plan implemented by others and is reported as a percentage of correct responses from the client out of the number of opportunities within a session.
Treatment Integrity data sheet for self or observer:
Date
Observer
Treatment Integrity- Client’s Name
% Correct- number/opportunities
Percentage
of Integrity
Notes
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