AVA10013 - Lecture Note

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School

Swinburne University of Technology *

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Course

10013

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

docx

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Uploaded by BrigadierDugong5490

Week1: INTRODUCTION - Operation of the airline, such as operating of the aircraft. - Make sure the airport meets the requirement of the aircraft, or other way. - The aircraft makes sure to carry the exact weight, speed. Give data on take-off and landing - Unit: Manger of flight opt department, and blend between engineering and flight operation. Intrin sic property is a property that is internal in the sense that whether an . object has it depends entirely upon what the object is like in itself. (Properties of air) P = density*R*T (The Bodmas rule follows the order of the BODMAS acronym ie B – Brackets, O – Order of powers or roots, D – Division, M – Multiplication A – Addition, and S – Subtraction. The BODMAS rule states that mathematical expressions with multiple operators need to be solved from left to right in the order of BODMAS) - Density: you can feel when u are at the sealevel, has been impacted on flight opt - Temperature: when you go higher, the temp decreases (Kelvin, - The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere - The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere . It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward.

- Isothermal Region = The atmosphere remains constantly - 55,000-60,000 they don’t operate in these altitude (jet) - Mostly commercial airlines operate under 36,150’:  Piston engine ( ALT 10,000 ) is the limit for piston aircraft, passengers feel uncomfortable, pilot performance.  Super dangered (ALT 25,000) for priston AC, pressorized  Turbine props (ALT >25,000)  Jet & Turbine jet engine ( ALT> 30000)  Piston engines are much more efficient at their typical power outputs and are less expensive both to purchase and operate . Turboprops are generally considered more reliable, offer higher efficiencies for their higher power outputs, and can yield much improved performance at high altitudes.

Lift produces by the wing of the aircraft Thrust from propeller of engine Weight = central gravity Lift curve maximum lead to the stall (stall point), less lift -> fall off the sky Lift = Lift coefficient (Cl)* half density* (Square velocity)* wing area * half density* (Square velocity)* = dynamic pressure, Drag = Drag Coefficient* half density * (Square velocity)*wing area Drag curve controls aircraft performance, optimize in curse, burning less fuel, produce full push and pull Drag causes by the friction of Aeroplan (parasite drag) Drag cause by lift ( induced drag) AofA 15*-17*, stall AofA 1. Propeller 2. Piston engines ( four stroke engines)

The engine is different, the performance is quite the same, talk about power, measure the engine which consumes (Turboprop vs Piston Engine)

Piston engines - Piston prop Turbin Engines - Turbo props - Jets WEEK 2 : AIRCRAFT WEIGHT LIMITATION 1. Centre of Gravity: point where the mass concentrates, control the stability of the aircraft, - Where the aircraft effectively acts , stay within a certain limits to ensure the aircraft maneuverability ( capable of being steered or directed) and stability, also the aircraft structure integrity. ( damage-tolerant design) %MAC = the centre of gravity = x/MAC x100% (~ 15% - 35%, where centre of gravity will sit)

MTOW = the weight of the aircraft in the centre of gravity, From MTOW to MLW = centre of gravity movements 2. Aircraft Weigh Components - Standard Equipment + Empty weight ( incl. unusable fuel in the fuel tank): seat, cabin equipment) + Dry operating empty weight (working equipment on board – food trolley, the crews - pilot and flight attendants) - Payload (Pax + Cargo) + Zero Fuel Weight (max is the limited weight, related to the capacity to the whole load, fuel level to the wings) - Reserve Fuel : a fix reserve (5% or 30mins holding fuel) - Flight Fuel: ( take-off weight) use to operate the flight - Taxi fuel: ( taxi + start up fuel)  Ramp Weight > TOW Load data sheet Index unit = moment/100,000 Structual and performance limited, the min

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