W3_Lab

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MET230

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Mechanical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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MET230 Hydraulics and Pneumatics Systems Instructor: Mohsen Latifi Lab 3 Hydraulics and Pneumatics Systems Student Name(s): Charles Haskett Honor Pledge: I pledge to support the Honor System of ECPI. I will refrain from any form of academic dishonesty or deception, such as cheating or plagiarism. I am aware that as a member of the academic community, it is my responsibility to turn in all suspected violators of the honor code. I understand that any failure on my part to support the Honor System will be turned over to a Judicial Review Board for determination. I will report to the Judicial Review Board hearing if summoned. Charles Haskett Date:

Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Procedures or Problem Statement ................................................................................................................ 4 Part I: Exercise One Pneumatic System .................................................................................................... 4 Part II: Exercise Two Pneumatic System ................................................................................................... 4 Data Presentation & Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 5 Predictions ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Required Screenshots .............................................................................................................................. 5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 6 References ................................................................................................................................................... 7 2

Abstract In this course, the student will be instructed on how to use Automation Studio simulation software to create various pneumatic systems. This will teach the student not only how to build a pneumatic schematic using symbols but also how to construct a ladder diagram to oversee the pneumatic circuit. In addition to using symbols already known to the student, new schematic symbols will be introduced for the ladder diagram. The student will be required to observe the pneumatic circuit and predict its outcome. The student will be tasked with building the schematic and ladder diagram and then simulating the circuit to confirm their predictions. I ntroduction Pneumatics is a system that utilizes compressed air to operate machinery automatically. It is commonly used in industrial manufacturing, garages, and dental offices. The compressed air is filtered and dried to protect the components, and lubrication may be added to improve performance. The system generates power through linear or rotary motion using air at a pressure of 60 to 120 PSI. Hydraulics is a similar system that utilizes oil at much higher pressure, ranging from 800 to 5000 PSI. 3

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Procedures or Problem Statement Part I: Exercise One Pneumatic System During the exercise, I began by placing the schematic symbols for the pneumatic circuit that I was already familiar with. Once I had all the symbols required for the pneumatic circuit, I proceeded to build it. First, I connected the pressure source to the electronically controlled valve, which I then connected to a variable throttle. I connected the other side of the variable throttle to the end cap of the cylinder. I then connected a line from the rod side of the cylinder back to the electronically controlled valve and then to the exhaust. After completing the pneumatic circuit, I moved on to locating and placing the schematic symbols required to build the ladder diagram to control the pneumatic circuit. The ladder diagram needed the following symbols: a twenty-four-volt power source, a reference power source, a normally closed pushbutton (for stop), a normally open pushbutton (for start), two open connectors, a limit switch, a coil, and a solenoid. The twenty-four-volt power source powered the entire ladder diagram, and the reference power source represented the ground to complete the electrical circuit. The stop pushbutton and the start pushbutton started the first rung with one of the open connectors connected between the stop and start connection and the other side connected between the start and limit switch. The limit switch was connected between the start pushbutton and the coil. The second rung consisted of the second open connector and the solenoid source. Please see Figure 1 for the schematic of the exercise one system. Part II: Exercise Two Pneumatic System During the exercise, I first placed the schematic symbols for the pneumatic circuit that I was already familiar with. Once I had all the symbols required, I proceeded to build the circuit. I connected the pressure source to the double solenoid electronically controlled valve, and then connected the valve to the double action cylinder. Two pressure switches were connected, one between the valve and cylinder, and the other in the line from the valve to the cylinder. The exhaust was then connected to the valve, completing the pneumatic circuit schematic. After completing the pneumatic circuit, I moved on to placing the schematic symbols required for building the ladder diagram. The ladder diagram needed the following symbols: a 24-volt power source, a reference power source, a toggle switch, two proximity switches, and two solenoids. For the schematic of the exercise two system, please refer to Figure 2.

Data Presentation & Analysis Predictions Exercise I: I believe that when the Start pushbutton is momentarily pressed the cylinder will begin to extend and retract automatically until the start pushbutton is released. Exercise II: I believe that when the toggle switch is closed the cylinder will begin to extend and retract automatically and continue to repeat the process until the toggle switch is opened. Required Screenshots Figure 1. Exercise One Pneumatic System Schematic Figure 2. Exercise Two Pneumatic System Schematic

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Conclusion In the first exercise of this lab, I constructed the pneumatic circuit. Building the circuit was relatively easy, except for finding the correct electronically controlled four/two-way valve that the circuit required. Once I found the right valve, I completed the circuit. Next, I moved on to building the ladder diagram that would control the pneumatic circuit. However, I faced some issues in locating the correct schematic symbols for the ladder diagram. Some of the locations I tried gave an error stating that the system could not be used with the current pneumatic circuit. Eventually, I found the right location for the symbols and completed the ladder diagram without any further problems. I connected the symbols with the respective connections of the pneumatic circuit and started the simulation. During the simulation, I observed that my prediction was partially correct. When I pressed the start pushbutton, the cylinder extended and retracted automatically. However, I was unaware that the longer I kept the start pushbutton pressed, the less the rod would fully retract. I found that the rod would not fully retract until I released the start pushbutton and the system returned to its original state. The second exercise was easier to complete than the first one since it had similar schematic symbols. However, I couldn't find the double solenoid electrically controlled four/two-way valve required for the circuit. So, I had to modify the one I had by removing the spring and adding the second solenoid. After modifying the valve, I was able to complete the pneumatic circuit. The ladder diagram was simple too since I had already learned the location of the symbols from the first exercise. Once I finished building the pneumatic circuit and ladder diagram, I started the simulation. When I closed the toggle switch, the cylinder behaved exactly as I had predicted. It extended and retracted continuously until I opened the toggle switch. The pneumatic circuit then returned to its original position, with the rod fully retracted.

References Esposito, A. (2014). Fluid Power with Applications. Essex: Pearson. Inc, F. T. (2023). Automation Studio Educational Edition. Retrieved from Famic Technologies Inc: https://www.famictech.com/en/Products/Automation-Studio/Educational-Edition

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