lab report 8 - PHY2053L

Harmonic oscillators. One of the simplest yet most important second-order, linear, constant- coefficient differential equations is the equation for a harmonic oscilator. This equation models the motion of a mass attached to a spring. The spring is attached to a vertical wall and the mass is allowed to slide along a horizontal track. We let z denote the displacement of the mass from its natural resting place (with x > 0 if the spring is stretched and x 0 is the damping constant, and k> 0 is the spring constant. Newton's law states that the force acting on the oscillator is equal to mass times acceleration. Therefore the differential equation for the damped harmonic oscillator is mx" + bx' + kr = 0. (1) k Lui Assume the mass m = 1. (a) Transform Equation (1) into a system of first-order equations. (b) For which values of k, b does this system have complex eigenvalues? Repeated eigenvalues? Real and distinct eigenvalues? (c) Find the general solution of this system in each case. (d)…

A spring has an unstretched length of 12 cm. When an 80 g ball is hung from it, the length increases by 4.0 cm. Then the ball is pulled down another 4.0 cm and released.a. What is the spring constant of the spring?b. What is the period of the oscillation?c. Draw a position-versus-time graph showing the motion of the ball for three cycles of the oscillation. Let the equilibrium position of the ball be y = 0. Be sure to include appropriate units on the axes so that the period and the amplitude of the motion can be determined from your graph.

Vibrations

A force of 20 newton stretches a spring 1 meter. A 5 kg mass is attached to the spring, and the system is then immersed in a medium that offers a damping force numerically equal to 10 times the instantaneous velocity.   1) Let x denote the downward displacement of the mass from its equilibrium position. [Note that x>0 when the mass is below the equilibrium position. ] Assume the mass is initially released from rest from a point 3 meters above the equilibrium position. Write the differential equation and the initial conditions for the function x(t) 2)  Solve the initial value problem that you wrote above. 3)Find the exact time at which the mass passes through the equilibrium position for the first time heading downward. (Do not approximate.) 4)Find the exact time at which the mass reaches the lowest position. The "lowest position" means the largest value of x

5B Material point of mass m moves under the influence of force F-kr=-krî With in other words, the mass m is at the tip of an isotropic harmonic oscillator with equilibrium position at the origin of the axes. c) To qualitatively study the movement of the mass m for all its permissible values of total energy of E and L 0. d) To qualitatively study the movement of the mass m for all its permissible values of total energy of E and L = 0.

1 An object of mass 125 kg is released from rest from a boat into the water and allowed to sink. While gravity is pulling the object down, a buoyancy force of times the weight of the object is pushing the object up (weight = mg). If we assume that water 40 resistance exerts a force on the object that is proportional to the velocity of the object, with proportionality constant 10 N-sec/m, find the equation of motion of the object. After how many seconds will the velocity of the object be 90 m/sec? Assume that the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/ sec2. Find the equation of motion of the object. X(t) = %3D

.ll alfa ? 1:09 PM @ 27% 4 PHYS220_Exam-1 Pr... PHYS220 _ Spring/20-21 _ Practice Sheet-1_ Keys 1) A0.1 kg object oscillates as a simple harmonic motion along the x -axis with a frequency f = 3.185 Hz. At a position x1, the object has a kinetic energy of 0.7 J and a potential energy 0.3 J. The amplitude of oscillation, A, is: (a) 0.12 m (b) 0.22 m (c) 0.31 m (d)0.42 m 2) A block of mass m is attached to a spring with force constant, k and oscillate at a frequency f. If the mass is changed to m' = m/2, and the spring force is changed to k' = 2k, then the new frequency f' of the oscillation would be, (a) f' = 2f (b) f' = f (c) f' = f/2 (d) f' = 4f The following given is for questions 3 and 4: A block of mass m = 2 kg is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 200 N/m, and set to oscillates on a frictionless horizontal surface. At time t = 0 its position is xo = 0 and its velocity is vo = +5 m/s. 3) Which of the following is true about the oscillation amplitude and the phase…

Vibration Engineering

Vibration Engineering. Please help to provide solution for the problem below. Thank you.

My question and answer is in the image. Can you please check my work? A 2 kg mass is attached to a spring with spring constant 50 N/m. The mass is driven by an external force equal tof(t) = 2 sin(5t). The mass is initially released from rest from a point 1 m below the equilibrium position. (Use theconvention that displacements measured below the equilibrium position are positive.)(a) Write the initial-value problem which describes the position of the mass. 2y"+50y=2cos(5t) (b) Find the solution to your initial-value problem from part (a). (1+(1/2)tcos(t))cos(5t)-(1/2)tcos(t) (c) Circle the letter of the graph below that could correspond to the solution. B (d) What is the name for the phenomena this system displays? Resonance

6. A 1kg mass is attached to a spring (with spring constant k = 4 N/m), and the spring itself is attached to the ceiling. If you pull the mass down to stretch the spring past its equilibrium position, when you release the mass and observe its (vertical) position, it's said to undergo simple harmonic motion. AT REST MASS PULLED DOWN wwww Under certain initial conditions, the mass's vertical position (in metres) relative to its equilibrium position at time t, y(t), can be modelled by the equation y(t) = cos(2t) – sin(2t), (Note that y measures how much the spring has been stretched, so y = 1 indicates the mass is Im below its equilibrium position, whereas y = -1 indicates it is 1m above its equilibrium position.) (a) Find expressions for the mass's (vertical) velocity v(t) (relative to its equilibrium position) and the mass's (vertical) acceleration a(t) (relative to its equilibrium position). (b) Is the mass moving toward the ceiling or toward the floor at t= T? Justify your answer with…

A spring with a 8-kg mass and a damping constant 2 can be held stretched 0.5 meters beyond its natural length by a force of 1.5 newtons. Suppose the spring is stretched 1 meters beyond its natural length and then released with zero velocity. In the notation of the text, what is the value c2 – 4mk? m'kg/sec? help (numbers) Find the position of the mass, in meters, after t seconds. Your answer should be a function of the variable t with the general form cieat cos(Bt) + cze"s t sin(&t) help (numbers) a = B = * help (numbers) * help (numbers) 8 = * help (numbers) C1 = help (numbers) C2 = 2 help (numbers) kies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. OK Learn more CONNECT OFF/ON CAPS Charge Po- 14 F4 F5 1- 1+ F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 7 8 R T Y U 5

2. Consider a car suspension, modeled as a mass/spring/damper system (mass m, stiffness k, damping b). Suppose the height of the chassis is lo at rest, the height of the terrain below the driver varies as h(t), and the height of the chassis is denoted lo + y(t). (i.e., spring deflection away from rest is y(t) – h(t)). 2 (a) Give the transfer function G(s) = H(s) · = (b) Suppose the ground follows an oscillatory profile h(t) A cos(wx (t)) with magnitude A (in meters) and frequency w (measured in radians per meter). Suppose the car is traveling at a constant forward speed v. Using a frequency response analysis strategy, give the amplitude of oscillations experienced by the driver at steady state as a function of m, k, b, A, w, and v. Hint: You can't simply consider |G(iw)| to get the amplification in this case. (c) Suppose the ground varies by A = 5cm, w = 2 rad/m, and you are driving at v = 15 m/s. Using your answer to part (b), what amplitude of oscillation is felt by the driver when m…

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An object attached to the end of a vertical helical spring bounces with a frequency of 2.1 Hz. If the spring constant is 5.9 N/m, what is the mass of the object?

1. Verify Eqs. 1 through 5. Figure 1: mass spring damper In class, we have studied mechanical systems of this type. Here, the main results of our in-class analysis are reviewed. The dynamic behavior of this system is deter- mined from the linear second-order ordinary differential equation: where (1) where r(t) is the displacement of the mass, m is the mass, b is the damping coefficient, and k is the spring stiffness. Equations like Eq. 1 are often written in the "standard form" ď²x dt2 r(t) = = tan-1 d²r dt2 m. M +25wn +wn²x = 0 (2) The variable wn is the natural frequency of the system and is the damping ratio. If the system is underdamped, i.e. < < 1, and it has initial conditions (0) = zot-o = 0, then the solution to Eq. 2 is given by: IO √1 x(1) T₁ = +b+kr = 0 dt 2π dr. dt ل لها -(wat sin (wat +) and is the damped natural frequency. In Figure 2, the normalized plot of the response of this system reveals some useful information. Note that the amount of time Ta between peaks is…

A force of 20 newton stretches a spring 1 meter. A 5 kg mass is attached to the spring, and the system is then immersed in a medium that offers a damping force numerically equal to 10 times the instantaneous velocity. (a) Let x denote the downward displacement of the mass from its equilibrium position. [Note that x>0 when the mass is below the equilibrium position. ] Assume the mass is initially released from rest from a point 3 meters above the equilibrium position. Write the differential equation and the initial conditions for the function x(t)(b) Solve the initial value problem that you wrote above.(c) Find the exact time at which the mass passes through the equilibrium position for the first time heading downward. (Do not approximate.)(d) Find the exact time at which the mass reaches the lowest position. The "lowest position" means the largest value of x

Suppose a spring with spring constant 7 N/m  is horizontal and has one end attached to a wall and the other end attached to a 2 kg mass. Suppose that the friction of the mass with the floor (i.e., the damping constant) is 1 N⋅s/m a) Set up a differential equation that describes this system. Let x  to denote the displacement, in meters, of the mass from its equilibrium position, and give your answer in terms of x,x′,x′′. Assume that positive displacement means the mass is farther from the wall than when the system is at equilibrium. b) Find the general solution to your differential equation from the previous part. Use c1 and c2 to denote arbitrary constants. Use t for independent variable to represent the time elapsed in seconds. Your answer should be an equation of the form x=… c) Enter a value for the damping constant that would make the system critically damped. ?Ns/m

attached is a past paper question in which we werent given the solution. a solution with clear steps and justification would be massively appreciated thankyou.

Find the differential equation of the mechanical system in Figure 1(a) To obtain the differential equation of motion of the mass and spring system given in Fig. 1. (a) one may utilize the Newton's law for mass and spring relations defined as shown in Fig. 1. (b) and (c) use f = cv for viscous friction, where v is the velocity of the motion and c is a constant. Z/////// k M F. F, F F F, F, k EF=ma F = k(x, - x,) = kx (b) (c) Figure 1: Mass-spring system (a), Force relations of mass (b) and spring (c)