Lab #4 - Electrical Energy

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City College of San Francisco *

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4B

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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4

Uploaded by SuperScience11067

Lab #4 : Electrical Energy Willem Botha Deobrah Harris 9/14/23 Abstract : In this lab we were tasked with measuring the power and electrical energy used by an electric motor. The equipment we used was similar to the previous labs but also included an electric motor, 100g weight set, weight holder, and string. We used this equipment to determine the gain in potential energy of mass lifted by the motor, calculate the motor’s efficiency, study the efficiency under different conditions, and see if a falling mass could cause our motor to act as a generator. Experimental Setup : First, we set up all of our equipment and plugged in our wires via the diagram on page 2 of the lab instructions. We began the experiment by doing a test run of the motor by adding a 10g weight to the string and turning on the power supply. We increased the voltage of the power supply being sure to not exceed 6V and observed the motor slowly raising the weight off the ground. Simultaneously, recording the current and voltage over a distance of 1 meter. We noticed once the power supply got to 3.1V it started to pull the weight up and as the weight got closer to the motor the current decreased to 1.5-1.7 Amps. One of the things we noticed was the energy change in the motor, it required more power in order to lift the weight due to inertia. Before proceeding with our experiment we made a hypothesis about what we thought the efficiency of the electric motor would be. Taking into account our first trial, we thought it would be around 50% due to the wasted heat and the power that the motor would have to omit. Proceeding with our experiment, we placed a 10g weight at the end of the string, started the Logger Pro data collection and increased the voltage until the weight reached the top of the motor. After collecting the voltage and current data we repeated the process by adding 10g each time until we reached 100g. To see if our motor could act as a generator, we attached a 100g mass to the motor and let it drop one meter while collecting data on the current and voltage. Because our falling mass would not fall due to the friction of the motor, we used another group’s data instead of producing our own. Experimental Data: Distance mass was lifted: 1m Load Lifted (g) ± 0.03 Electrical Energy Input (J) ± 0.001 Mechanical Energy Output (J) Efficiency % 12.80 1.054 0.1256 ± 0.0006 11.92
22.75 2.291 0.2232 ± 0.0009 9.742 32.75 2.234 0.321 ± 0.001 14.38 42.88 3.053 0.421 ± 0.001 13.78 52.91 2.248 0.519 ± 0.002 22.82 62.89 2.904 0.617 ± 0.002 21.25 72.92 2.328 0.716 ± 0.002 30.73 82.91 3.781 0.814 ± 0.002 21.52 92.90 3.705 0.912 ± 0.003 24.60 103.4 2.888 1.015 ± 0.003 36.39 Efficiency as a function of load: Energy generated through the falling mass: 0.2883 ± 0.001J Data Analysis:
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