Lab 109_ One-Dimensional Motion—Velocity as a Time and Distance at Constant Acceleration (2)
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Dec 6, 2023
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Lab 109: One-Dimensional Motion—Velocity as a Time and Distance at Constant
Acceleration
Nicholas Nelson
Group: 5
Date of Experiment: 2/03/2023
Date of Report Submission: 2/09/2023
Physics 111A Lab 102
Instructor: Professor Jianping Chen
Partners Names:
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the one-dimensional motion of an
object with constant acceleration and to improve an understanding of mathematical
equations related to the motion as well as a graphical presentation of displacement and
velocity changes over time all while learning to determine the values of velocity and
acceleration from displacement and time measured in this experiment.
We know that when an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity can be
expressed in function format: velocity of the object at time =initial velocity +
acceleration x time (
v=v
0
+at
)
If the velocity in question is in regard to the distance the equation becomes: velocity of
the object at time squared =initial velocity squared + 2 x acceleration x the change in
distance (
v
2
=v
0
2
+2aΔx
)
In this lab, we will monitor the position, time, and velocity of an object as it moves down
an inclined air track and compare the values measured by the photogates and motion
sensors in order to determine acceleration. Part one will consist of using two photogates
to measure the initial and final speed of the object as well as the interval time. The data
extracted will then be used to calculate acceleration using this equation
v=v
0
+at.
The
process will be repeated while increasing the distance between the two photogates to
produce a more accurate measurement of the acceleration. Part 2 will consist of a
motion sensor that will detect the motion of the object as it slides down the inclined
plane, and the acceleration will be determined.
Experimental Procedure
In the experiment, we used the following:
●
Computer w/ Capstone software installed,
●
Air track (IMG #1)
●
Glider with photogate flag (IMG #2)
●
2 photogates (IMG #3)
●
2 C-clamps
●
motion sensor (IMG #5)
●
angle measuring tool
●
8x8 lab jack stand (IMG #6)
●
850 Universal Interface (IMG #6)
IMG #1
IMG #2
IMG #3
IMG #4
IMG #5
IMG #6
Step 1: After setup is complete, open the test and make sure that the connection
between 850 Universal Interface and photogates is established, and do a test run using
the glider.
Step 2: Turn on the air track and press record.
Step 3: Allow someone to release the glider with a photogate reader and have it move
down the track.
Step 4: Have someone else catch the glider and repeat the steps so that a total of 3
entries are recorded.
Step 5: Stop recording and turn off the air track.
Step 6: Find the averages between all data collected in the three runs and record data
(Add up the corresponding data and divide by 3 (number of runs ))
Step 7: Use recorded data to find the acceleration
Step 8: Increase the distance between photogate 1 and 2 by moving photogate 2 to the
new position specified by lab instructor.
Step 9: Repeat steps 2-8 until you have 5 entries of data recorded.
Step 10: Find the acceleration of each of the 5 entries with the data collected
Part 2:
Remove photogates, and replace the photogate flag with a reflector
Place the sensor at beginning of the track
Setup software for part 2
Turn on the air track and press record.
Release the glider and have it travel to the end of the track.
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