BIOS255 Lab Week 3 Blood Vessels
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Mechanical Engineering
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Dec 6, 2023
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Heidinette Roman
Professor: Shawn
BIOS255
BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels Learning objectives:
Identify the structural layers of arteries and veins.
Distinguish between the structure of arteries and veins.
Explain the factors that affect arterial blood flow and blood pressure.
Define shock, and identify the signs of shock.
Identify key blood vessels of the cardiac, systemic, and pulmonary circulations.
Introduction:
Blood is transported around the body in 3 different types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries and veins are each composed of 3 distinct layers of tissue while capillaries only have one layer. Blood pressure and flow depend on multiple factors. There are a number of
mechanisms by which shock can occur.
We will track blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations noting the major arteries and veins along the path. Enjoy the interactive 3D models for exploring the blood vessels!
Assignment:
Part 1 Complete the activities in the following sections of Anatomy.TV Cardiovascular system
: Blood vessels, Blood flow and Pressure, Circulatory Pathways, Vessels of the Trunk, Vessels of the Head and Neck, Vessels of the Limbs To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A-
Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Cardiovascular system>choose assigned sections
You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section.
As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data.
Heidinette Roman
Professor: Shawn
BIOS255
Part 2 Complete the lab report.
Blood vessel Lab report
1.
Describe the different types of blood vessels by completing the following chart: (3 points total; 1/4 point per box)
Blood vessel
Histological description/special characteristics
Function
Large arteries
AKA elastic arteries. Well defined internal & external laminae. Tunica media is thick & full of elastic fibers
Push blood from heart during ventricular diastole
Medium arteries
Disrupting arteries. Less elastic, well-
defined interior but thin exterior elastic laminae
Maintain partial contraction/vascular tone.
Arterioles
Many tiny arteries that supply capillaries. Resistance vessels
BP, vascular resistance, and vasoconstriction
Capillaries
Short, branching vessels create body networks. Exchange vessels
Provide extensive tissue
contact surface throughout the body.
Medium veins
Three layers comprise the 1 cm capillary bed. Under stress, it collapses without internal or exterior laminae.
Blocking blood flow in the opposite way improves venous return.
Large veins
Blocking blood flow in the opposite way improves venous return.
Draining heart.
Heidinette Roman
Professor: Shawn
BIOS255
2.
When a fall in arterial pressure is detected by baroreceptors, how does the cardiovascular center alter the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node to maintain homeostasis? (1 point)
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems stimulate or relax the heart through the SA node.
3.
Describe the signs and symptoms of shock as described under Blood Flow and Pressure: Shock and Homeostasis. (1 point)
Hypotension causes fast breathing, chilly chills, a weak pulse, lightheadedness, and fainting.
4.
Identify the missing arteries from the schematic. (2.5 points; 1/2 point each)
The right external carotid, right brachial, left internal, left vertebral, and arch of aorta are arterial arteries.
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Heidinette Roman
Professor: Shawn
BIOS255
5.
Identify the missing arteries from the schematic: (3 points total; ¼ point each)
Diaphragm, adrenal glands, kidneys, gonads, and right and left common iliac arteries are involved.
Heidinette Roman
Professor: Shawn
BIOS255
6.
Trace a drop of blood from the heart to the top of the foot by naming the blood vessels from the aorta to the artery that can be felt on the top of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery).
Heidinette Roman
Professor: Shawn
BIOS255
(2 points)
The arterial system includes the arch, thoracic, abdominal, common eternal iliac, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis arteries.
7.
Trace a drop of blood from the superior mesenteric vein within the abdomen to the right atrium. Include the major vessels along the path. (1.5 points)
The liver, sinusoids, splenic vein, portal vein, and superior mesenteric vein carry blood to the hepatic vein. Right atrium ends inferior vena cava.
8.
a. What is a portal system? (½ point) The portal system is a network of capillary-fed blood arteries.
b. What is the function of the hepatic portal system? (½ point)
The liver stores and metabolizes nutrients from digestion via the hepatic portal system.
Grading Rubric for Lab Report
Activity
Deliverable
Points
Part 1
Complete lab activities
15
Part 2
Complete lab report 15
Total Complete all lab activities 30
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