bme lab report 2
pdf
School
University Of Connecticut *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
3600
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
17
Uploaded by KidMoonBee21
Rojas 1
Lab 1: Balance Control Testing with Sports Helmets
Written by: Isabella Rojas
Group Members: Adam Badgley, Victoria Ballestas, Diego Melendez
BME 3600 Lab Section 001L Group 1
Rojas 2
Table of Contents
Title Page:
........................................................................................................................................
1
Table of Contents:
............................................................................................................................
2
Introduction:
.....................................................................................................................................
3
Methods:
..........................................................................................................................................
4
Results:
.........................................................................................................................................
5-7
Discussion:
..................................................................................................................................
8-10
Conclusion:
....................................................................................................................................
11
References:
.....................................................................................................................................
12
Appendix:
.................................................................................................................................
13-17
Rojas 3
Introduction
This second Biomechanics lab was on nonlinearity of human balance during two different
positions on a force platform: quiet standing and lifting the subject’s dominant leg, in this case
my right leg, in my frontal plane. We did this to understand the interaction of movement of body
balance and center of pressure (COP), which are major components of human balance. We come
to learn how to determine the influence of COP on body balance during the different static
postures and wearing different sports helmets, including the helmets designs of football.
Baseball, softball, and hockey.
For many years, there have been increasing rates of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) in
sports-related activities, especially in children and young adults. TBI usually results from a
violent jolt to the head or body causing a wide range of physical and psychological effects. To
prevent TBI, good balance is needed to not only decrease the risk of falling, but to also recover
rapidly when someone is about to fall. This lab aims to analyze the balance control of the human
body and to also measure the effects of various sports helmets on body balance and center of
pressure (COP). As much as the helmet protects the head from a direct hit, it also affects an
athlete's balance because of its weight and overall structure. As a biomedical engineer, more
information about balance and COP in circumstances with different sports helmets would help
with better design of sports gear so athletes can play safer with an improved biomechanical
performance.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Rojas 4
Methods
This lab consisted of a few pieces of equipment and materials:
-
AMTI force platform Accusway RS-232
-
AMTI Netforce version 3.5.2 software
-
BioAnalysis version 2.3.1 software
-
Nike Pro Gold TCF 10 Batter’s Baseball Helmet
-
Riddell Revolution Speed Football Helmet
-
Natural Grip Two Tone with Mask Softball Helmet
-
Bauer 9900 Hockey Helmet
In the beginning, my height and weight were measured and taken using a scale and tape
measure. Their gender, level of activity, and leg dominance were recorded as well. The subject
then performed the quiet standing on the force platform with no helmet. In quiet standing, the
subject stands with their feet around hip distance apart with their hands by their sides, and
looking straight at the wall that has a big black X mark. The subject stays in that position for 20
seconds while the person at the computer is gathering the net force and taking the measurements.
After the measurement is complete, the subject steps down from the platform and has a resting
time of about 15 seconds. Next, the subject stood on one leg on the force platform with their
right leg raised in the frontal plane, approximately 30 degrees from their standing position. The
subject maintains this position for 20 seconds again while the measurements are being taken and
then they step down from the platform. The quiet standing and raised leg positions were
performed four more times each while the subject was wearing a football helmet, a baseball
helmet, a softball helmet, and a hockey helmet. After finishing and getting the statistics, the
subject’s comfort level with each helmet was recorded on a paper for later reference.
Rojas 5
Results
Table 1:
Subject Body Measurements
Subject Name
Isabella Rojas
Height [in.]
63
Weight [lbs.]
130
Gender
Female
Exercise Level
Low
Hand Dominance
Right
Table 2:
Comfort Level of Each Helmet
Helmet Design
Comfort Level (0-10) where Higher is the Most Comfort
Football
2
Baseball
8
Softball
8
Hockey
6
Table 3:
Data for Subject’s Quiet Standing
No Helmet
Football
Baseball
Softball
Hockey
Avg Displacement along X
[cm.]
0.287
0.295
0.198
0.343
0.617
Avg displacement along Y
[cm.]
0.457
0.511
0.513
1.12
0.744
Avg. radial displacement
[cm.]
0.574
0.648
0.587
1.217
1.021
SD-Major Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.325
0.478
0.645
1.212
1.021
Rojas 6
SD-Minor Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.549
0.513
12
0.5
0.538
Avg. velocity [cm/sec]
21.763
26.091
23.317
26.03
22.921
Length [cm.]
36.281
43.492
38.875
43.404
38.219
Table 4:
Data for Subject’s Right Leg Raised
No Helmet
Football
Baseball
Softball
Hockey
Avg Displacement along X
[cm.]
0.518
0.64
0.447
0.973
0.594
Avg displacement along Y
[cm.]
0.851
1.029
0.599
1.361
0.813
Avg. radial displacement
[cm]
1.082
1.3
0.815
0.795
0.45
SD-Major Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.892
0.892
0.709
0.904
0.556
SD-Minor Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.861
1.146
0.582
1.41
0.841
Avg. velocity [cm/sec]
64.282
71.811
49.012
60.594
61.326
Length [cm.]
107.15
91.146
81.676
100.998
102.23
Figure 1:
Overlaid 95% Ellipse of Quiet Standing
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Rojas 7
Figure 2:
Overlaid 95% Ellipse of Right Leg Raised
Rojas 8
Discussion
After conducting the experiment there were some very interesting results. In this lab, a
force platform was used to measure body balance under different helmet conditions. Several
factors of this measurement would help in determining which helmet gave the best balance
control and which helmet was the worst. The variables under consideration are the length of
COP, 95% Ellipse Area, and average velocity, whose larger values indicate worse balance. On
the other hand, the more circular the 95% ellipse is, the better a person can recover from a
potential fall. In almost all cases, the quiet standing provided better balance than raising a leg
which is to be expected as during this the subject has a larger base, which leads to better control.
In terms of length of COP during quiet standing, the hockey helmet had the lowest value
of 38.219 cm while the football helmet had the highest value of 43.492 cm. This also correlates
with the hockey helmet having the lowest velocity of 22.921 cm/sec and the football helmet
having the highest velocity of 26.091 cm/sec. This would suggest that the hockey helmet
provides the best balance among the four helmets tested. This was shocking since the subject
believed this helmet was not the most comfortable, and also hockey helmets are known to be
helmets that need more improvement. Because of this, we can also suggest that in the
experiment, there may have been errors, possibly from the subject having overall poorer balance
than normal and wobbling on the force platform, for example. However, something fascinating
was that the results were the opposite for the 95% Ellipse Area where the baseball helmet had the
lowest area of 0.432 cm
2
while the softball helmet had the highest area of 1.305 cm
2
. This could
be because the subject rated baseball helmets as the most comfortable of the four helmets tested
and in this context it provided better balance support.
Rojas 9
A similar correlation was observed in the length of COP while raising a leg where the
baseball helmet had the lowest length of 81.676 cm whereas the hockey helmet had the highest
length of 102.23 cm. The baseball helmet also had a lower length than the no helmet control
situation which had a COP length of 107.15 cm. With this, we can say the baseball helmet helped
increase balance control during this dynamic motion. Standing on one leg is way harder than just
standing still as the whole force of the body rests on a smaller area, hence why there was a
significant difference in the two balance results. Looking at the velocity, the baseball helmet had
the lowest velocity of 49.012 cm/sec which was unexpected as this was one the most comfortable
helmets for the subject due to its weight and tight fitting. In this case, the weight of the helmet
might have stabilized the body and prevented it from shaking too much. Football had the highest
velocity of 71.811 cm/sec while raising the leg which means that it decreases balance during this
situation. The baseball helmet also had the lowest 95% Ellipse Area of 1.176 cm
2
whereas the
softball helmet had the highest area of 3.720 cm
2
. This factor shows the negative way the softball
helmet affects balance in this scenario with this subject.
A variety of factors like level of exercise, gender, and overall build may have affected the
results. The subject had a low level of exercise but a person who exercises more would perform
better in the balance tests because their muscles are more trained which would give different
results. Gender would also have an impact on balance since male and female subjects would
have many physiological differences. Lastly, the way a person's body mass is distributed would
affect their balance results by a lot and they might need different types of helmets to counteract
that aspect.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Rojas 10
Looking at the data, improvements on the helmets could be made by having more even
mass distribution of the helmet. Also, the physical differences between male and female bodies
should be taken into account while designing the helmet.
As for sources of error, the angle between the legs during the leg-raising situation is
never measured and was mostly entrusted to the intuition of the subject. This could mean that it
was not consistent during all the measurements. Moreover, there was no break between trials
which means the subject could have been fatigued during the later part of the experiment which
affected the results. This could have also biased the comfort rating and made the helmets that
were tested later (like the football helmet) seem worse.
Rojas 11
Conclusion
Overall, it could be said that the baseball helmet affected balance the most during quiet
standing while the softball helmet affected balance the most when raising a leg. The experiment
could have been improved by doing more trials with each helmet because the subject was a little
nervous and unsure of how good her balance was and it would also provide more data to make
better conclusions. The leg-raising portion of this experiment could also be repeated with the
subject’s hands being free to move. This is said because in most real-life situations, the hands are
used to support us in balancing and would give a more accurate to-life picture of the effect of
various helmets on balance.
Rojas 12
References
BME 3600 Biomechanics. (2023).
Lab #2 Balance control testing with sports helmets.
Lab
Handout
Lee, Chia-Hsuan, and Tien-Lung Sun. <Evaluation of Postural Stability Based on a ForcePlate
and Inertial Sensor during Static Balance Measurements - Journal of
PhysiologicalAnthropology.= BioMed Central, BioMed Central, 13 Dec. 2018,
https://jphysiolanthropol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40101-018-0187-5
.
Quijoux, Flavien et al. <A Review of Center of Pressure (COP) Variables to QuantifyStanding
Balance in Elderly People: Algorithms and Open
‐
access Code*.= Physiologicalreports.
9.22 (2021):
https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.14814/phy2.15067
Traumatic Brain Injury.= Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education andResearch, 4
Feb.2021,
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/symptoms-causes/
syc-20378557
.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Rojas 13
Appendix
BioAnalysis Data:
Quiet Standing with No Helmet
Right Leg Raised with No Helmet
Rojas 14
Quiet Standing with Football Helmet
Right Leg Raised with Football Helmet
Rojas 15
Quiet Standing with Baseball Helmet
Right Leg Raised with Baseball Helmet
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Rojas 16
Quiet Standing with Softball Helmet
Right Leg Raised with Softball Helmet
Rojas 17
Quiet Standing with Hockey Helmet
Right Leg Raised with Hockey Helmet
Related Documents
Related Questions
please read everything properly... Take 3 4 5 hrs but solve full accurate drawing on bond paper don't use chat gpt etc okk
arrow_forward
Technical graphics are the preferred method for communicating designs during a
design process.
True
False
arrow_forward
Show work
Part 1 website: https://ophysics.com/r5.html
PArt 2 website: https://ophysics.com/r3.html
arrow_forward
Please do not copy other's work and do not use ChatGPT or Gpt4,i will be very very very appreciate!!!
Thanks a lot!!!!!
arrow_forward
Part 2
Set up a spreadsheet solution to this problem. This will require that you derive one
formula to express the relationship between the friction coefficient, the spring constant,
and the spring compression; and a second formula to find the cost of using different slide
and spring types. Set up your spreadsheet as shown below. You can fill in the
"Acceptable?" column manually, rather than using a formula. Turn in a copy of your
spreadsheet/Matlab work
(solve for $)
Friction Spring Constant Spring Compression
M
k
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
50
100
150
50
100
150
4
Part 3
Your boss has decided to look at a second option. The spring mechanism will be
replaced by a drop box. After leaving the slide, the blocks will travel 5 horizontal feet
through the air and pass through a hole into the drop box. Using the slide you selected
above, determine how far below the slide (h) to place the hole in the drop box.
Yo = 5.2017/5
BLADE
2
RAMPE SLIDE
8⁰
SLIDE
Acceptable?
(Yes or No)
$'
Cost
51
In
DROP…
arrow_forward
Please answer the 4th question
arrow_forward
I need help solving this problem.
arrow_forward
MECT361
Mechatronics Components and Instrumentation
8.1. Why is it not possible to connect sensors such as thermocouples, strain gages, and
accelerometers directly to a digital computer or microprocessor?
PLEASE GIVE ME THE REFRENCE
I Will get zero if you didn't put the refrence
arrow_forward
Problem 3:
Insulation
To=1
Toowwww
Steam
Tx2
T₂ T3
www www
R₁ R₁ R₂
www.T
R₂
Steam at T1 = 320 °C flows in a cast iron pipe (k= 80 W/m. °C) whose inner and outer diameters are
5 cm = 0.05 m and D₂ = 5.5 cm = 0.055 m, respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool
insulation with k = 0.05 W/m. °C. Heat is lost to surroundings at T2 = 5 °C by natural convection and
radiation, with a combined heat transfer coefficient of h₂ = 18 W/m². °C. Taking the heat transfer coefficient
inside the pipe to be h₁ = 60 W/m². °C, determine the temperature drops across the pipe and the insulation.
The determination is based on a unit length of the pipe (L = 1 m).
Assumptions
1. Heat transfer is one-dimensional since there is no indication of any change with time.
2.
Heat transfer is one-dimensional since there is thermal symmetry about the centreline and no
variation in the axial direction.
3. Thermal conductivities are constant.
4. The thermal contact resistant at the interface is…
arrow_forward
University of Babylon
Collage of Engineering\Al-Musayab
Department of Automobile
Engineering
Under Grad/Third stage
Notes:
1-Attempt Four Questions.
2- Q4 Must be Answered
3-Assume any missing data.
4 تسلم الأسئلة بعد الامتحان مع الدفتر
Subject: Mechanical
Element Design I
Date: 2022\01\25
2022-2023
Time: Three Hours
Course 1
Attempt 1
Q1/ Design a thin cylindrical pressure tank (pressure vessel) with hemispherical ends to the
automotive industry, shown in figure I below. Design for an infinite life by finding the
appropriate thickness of the vessel to carry a sinusoidal pressure varied from {(-0.1) to (6) Mpa}.
The vessel is made from Stainless Steel Alloy-Type 316 sheet annealed. The operating
temperature is 80 C° and the dimeter of the cylinder is 36 cm. use a safety factor of 1.8.
Fig. 1
(15 Marks)
Q2/ Answer the following:
1- Derive the design equation for the direct evaluation of the diameter of a shaft to a desired
fatigue safety factor, if the shaft subjected to both fluctuated…
arrow_forward
Basic Manufacturing Process with 2 Job Types +
Inspection
Time between job arrivals at a machining station is exponentially distributed with mean 4.4 minutes.
There are 2 types of jobs to be processed 30% of which is Type 1 and, 70% are of Type 2. Processing
times are exponentially distributed. Mean processing time for Type 1 is 4.8 minutes, for Type 2 it is
2.5 minutes.
After the job is processed, they go through an inspection process with one single inspector and an
inspection time with triangular distribution (1,2,3.5). Inspector decides whether the part is good
enough, scrap or should be reworked. 80% of the parts produced is good, 10 % is scrap and the rest
needs rework.
Rework is done by the same manufacturing machine. The priority among the parts will be Part1 first,
part2 second and reworks of both type comes later. Rework time is normally distributed with mean 2
minutes and 0,2 std dev.
Simulate the system for one 8-hour day.
arrow_forward
In Agile:
All code should be written before test plans are created in case changes in the
code occur
Test plans should be written before coding begins
All coding should be stopped at a time in the sprint that allows adequate time to
write test plans and perform the testing
Testing is not a part of the sprint
DAD stands for:
Direct Agile Discipline
Disciplined Agile Delivery
Direct Agile Delivery
Detailed Agile Delivery
arrow_forward
00
T
R
%24
Bb R
V qa
du/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id%=_254968_1&course_id%3D 3565256_1&content id= 52826
* Question Completion Status:
Attach File
Browse Local Files
Browse Content Collection
QUESTION 2
A company needs to choose one supplier for a particular type of silicon wafer used'in the production of
semiconductors. The company has three options. Supplier A sells the silicon wafers for $2.50 per wafer,
independently of the number of wafers ordered. Supplier B sells the wafers for $2.40 each but does not
consider an order for less than 2,000 wafers. Supplier C sells the wafers for $2.30 each but does not accept
an order for less than 3,000 wafers. Assume an order setup cost of $100 and an annual requirement of 20,000
wafers. Assume a 20% annual interest rate for holding cost calculations.
a. Which supplier should be chosen to minimize the total annual cost for the wafers, and what is the
optimal order quantity?
b. If the replenishment lead time for wafers…
arrow_forward
5 Look at the flow chart showing the steps of the design process. Then read the list of
steps for designing a thermos. These steps are not in order. Write the letter of each
step in the appropriate box of the flow chart.
The Design Process
Find a problem
Keep records
Plan and build
a prototype
Keep records
Test and
improve
Keep records
Communicate
the solution
arrow_forward
Problem 1: You are working in a consulting company that does a lot of hand calculations for designs in
Aerospace Industry for mechanical, thermal, and fluidic systems. You took the Virtual engineering
course, and you want to convince your boss and the team you work to move to modelling and simulation
in computers using a certain software (Ansys, Abaqus, etc). Discuss the benefits and pitfalls of computer
based models used within an industrial environment to solve problems in engineering.
arrow_forward
I want to briefly summarize what he is talking about and what you conclude.
pls very urgent
arrow_forward
I need answers to questions 10, 11, and 12 pertaining to the print provided.
Note: A tutor keeps putting 1 question into 3 parts and wasted so many of my questions. Never had a issue before until now, please allow a different tutor to answer because I was told I am allowed 3 of these questions.
arrow_forward
please read everything properly... Take 3 4 5 hrs but solve full accurate drawing on bond paper don't use chat gpt etc okk.... Not old solutions just new solve
arrow_forward
I Blackboard @ Texas Tech Uni x
Bb MasteringEngineering - Spri x
E MasteringEngineering Maste X
C Suppose That H = 3.8 M . (Fi x
X Mathway | Calculus Problem x
y! how to take a full page scree
A session.masteringengineering.com/myct/itemView?assignmentProblemID=12360392&offset=next
ABP O
Tp E
G
KAssignment #3
Fundamental Problem 2.29
5 of 6
>
I Review
Part A
Find the magnitude of the projected component of the force along the pipe AO.
(Figure 1)
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
µA
FAO =
Value
Units
Submit
Request Answer
Figure
4 m
F = 400 N
6 m
5 m
B
4 m
10:31 PM
O Type here to search
2/7/2021
arrow_forward
Problem 2:
Review the below link, and choose 3 practical examples to solve structural/performance-based issues using
finite element product. Discuss what you understand from these examples. Use your own words.
https://www.hitechfea.com/fea-projects.html
hitech
Since
Your Partner in Digital Excellence 1992
SERVICES ✓ PROJECTS ✓
» FEA Projects
CLIENTS
FEA shortens the Design
Cycle for Thermal Radiation
Detector System for Power
Plant
BLOG
ABOUT US CONTACT US
Finite Element Analysis - FEA Projects / Case Studies
Please review few of the FEA projects, FEA case studies and FEA work samples that represent the FEA
solutions HiTech FEA engineers have provided to our global clientele from different industries.
Simulation using ANSYS
Professional NLS helps to
reduce Product Development
Cycle
Effective Static Structural
Services conducting
Structural Seismic Analysis of
RTO System Base
arrow_forward
Access Pearson
Mastering Engineering
Back to my courses
Course Home
Course Home
Scores
■Review
Next >
arrow_forward
mylabmastering.pearson.com
Chapter 12 - Lecture Notes.pptx: (MAE 272-01) (SP25) DY...
P Pearson MyLab and Mastering
Scores
arrow_forward
Q1:
A. One of the researchers discovered a patent related to the development of a
certain software module in mobile devices, and when he emailed one of the
companies producing these devices, they asked him to send the research to try it on
their devices, and after a while this researcher discovered that his discovery was
used by this company without referring to him or buying this discovery, What do
you think about the above.
B. As a quality control engineer in one of the electrical appliance factories, I
discovered that the technical worker responsible for inspecting one of these
products seals its validity without inspecting it. when I filed a complaint with the
administration, the administration neglected the complaint, arguing that there was
no time to inspect it again due to lack of time to prepare the consumer.
1. What are the consequences of this action, it is possible that there is a bad in the
product due to lack of examination.
2. The actions that you should take because of…
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press

Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON

Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY

Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
Related Questions
- please read everything properly... Take 3 4 5 hrs but solve full accurate drawing on bond paper don't use chat gpt etc okkarrow_forwardTechnical graphics are the preferred method for communicating designs during a design process. True Falsearrow_forwardShow work Part 1 website: https://ophysics.com/r5.html PArt 2 website: https://ophysics.com/r3.htmlarrow_forward
- Please do not copy other's work and do not use ChatGPT or Gpt4,i will be very very very appreciate!!! Thanks a lot!!!!!arrow_forwardPart 2 Set up a spreadsheet solution to this problem. This will require that you derive one formula to express the relationship between the friction coefficient, the spring constant, and the spring compression; and a second formula to find the cost of using different slide and spring types. Set up your spreadsheet as shown below. You can fill in the "Acceptable?" column manually, rather than using a formula. Turn in a copy of your spreadsheet/Matlab work (solve for $) Friction Spring Constant Spring Compression M k 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 100 150 50 100 150 4 Part 3 Your boss has decided to look at a second option. The spring mechanism will be replaced by a drop box. After leaving the slide, the blocks will travel 5 horizontal feet through the air and pass through a hole into the drop box. Using the slide you selected above, determine how far below the slide (h) to place the hole in the drop box. Yo = 5.2017/5 BLADE 2 RAMPE SLIDE 8⁰ SLIDE Acceptable? (Yes or No) $' Cost 51 In DROP…arrow_forwardPlease answer the 4th questionarrow_forward
- I need help solving this problem.arrow_forwardMECT361 Mechatronics Components and Instrumentation 8.1. Why is it not possible to connect sensors such as thermocouples, strain gages, and accelerometers directly to a digital computer or microprocessor? PLEASE GIVE ME THE REFRENCE I Will get zero if you didn't put the refrencearrow_forwardProblem 3: Insulation To=1 Toowwww Steam Tx2 T₂ T3 www www R₁ R₁ R₂ www.T R₂ Steam at T1 = 320 °C flows in a cast iron pipe (k= 80 W/m. °C) whose inner and outer diameters are 5 cm = 0.05 m and D₂ = 5.5 cm = 0.055 m, respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool insulation with k = 0.05 W/m. °C. Heat is lost to surroundings at T2 = 5 °C by natural convection and radiation, with a combined heat transfer coefficient of h₂ = 18 W/m². °C. Taking the heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe to be h₁ = 60 W/m². °C, determine the temperature drops across the pipe and the insulation. The determination is based on a unit length of the pipe (L = 1 m). Assumptions 1. Heat transfer is one-dimensional since there is no indication of any change with time. 2. Heat transfer is one-dimensional since there is thermal symmetry about the centreline and no variation in the axial direction. 3. Thermal conductivities are constant. 4. The thermal contact resistant at the interface is…arrow_forward
- University of Babylon Collage of Engineering\Al-Musayab Department of Automobile Engineering Under Grad/Third stage Notes: 1-Attempt Four Questions. 2- Q4 Must be Answered 3-Assume any missing data. 4 تسلم الأسئلة بعد الامتحان مع الدفتر Subject: Mechanical Element Design I Date: 2022\01\25 2022-2023 Time: Three Hours Course 1 Attempt 1 Q1/ Design a thin cylindrical pressure tank (pressure vessel) with hemispherical ends to the automotive industry, shown in figure I below. Design for an infinite life by finding the appropriate thickness of the vessel to carry a sinusoidal pressure varied from {(-0.1) to (6) Mpa}. The vessel is made from Stainless Steel Alloy-Type 316 sheet annealed. The operating temperature is 80 C° and the dimeter of the cylinder is 36 cm. use a safety factor of 1.8. Fig. 1 (15 Marks) Q2/ Answer the following: 1- Derive the design equation for the direct evaluation of the diameter of a shaft to a desired fatigue safety factor, if the shaft subjected to both fluctuated…arrow_forwardBasic Manufacturing Process with 2 Job Types + Inspection Time between job arrivals at a machining station is exponentially distributed with mean 4.4 minutes. There are 2 types of jobs to be processed 30% of which is Type 1 and, 70% are of Type 2. Processing times are exponentially distributed. Mean processing time for Type 1 is 4.8 minutes, for Type 2 it is 2.5 minutes. After the job is processed, they go through an inspection process with one single inspector and an inspection time with triangular distribution (1,2,3.5). Inspector decides whether the part is good enough, scrap or should be reworked. 80% of the parts produced is good, 10 % is scrap and the rest needs rework. Rework is done by the same manufacturing machine. The priority among the parts will be Part1 first, part2 second and reworks of both type comes later. Rework time is normally distributed with mean 2 minutes and 0,2 std dev. Simulate the system for one 8-hour day.arrow_forwardIn Agile: All code should be written before test plans are created in case changes in the code occur Test plans should be written before coding begins All coding should be stopped at a time in the sprint that allows adequate time to write test plans and perform the testing Testing is not a part of the sprint DAD stands for: Direct Agile Discipline Disciplined Agile Delivery Direct Agile Delivery Detailed Agile Deliveryarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University PressMechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONThermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
- Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEYMechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage LearningEngineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press

Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON

Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY

Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY