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Rojas 1
Lab 1: Balance Control Testing with Sports Helmets
Written by: Isabella Rojas
Group Members: Adam Badgley, Victoria Ballestas, Diego Melendez
BME 3600 Lab Section 001L Group 1
Rojas 2
Table of Contents
Title Page:
........................................................................................................................................
1
Table of Contents:
............................................................................................................................
2
Introduction:
.....................................................................................................................................
3
Methods:
..........................................................................................................................................
4
Results:
.........................................................................................................................................
5-7
Discussion:
..................................................................................................................................
8-10
Conclusion:
....................................................................................................................................
11
References:
.....................................................................................................................................
12
Appendix:
.................................................................................................................................
13-17
Rojas 3
Introduction
This second Biomechanics lab was on nonlinearity of human balance during two different
positions on a force platform: quiet standing and lifting the subject’s dominant leg, in this case
my right leg, in my frontal plane. We did this to understand the interaction of movement of body
balance and center of pressure (COP), which are major components of human balance. We come
to learn how to determine the influence of COP on body balance during the different static
postures and wearing different sports helmets, including the helmets designs of football.
Baseball, softball, and hockey.
For many years, there have been increasing rates of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) in
sports-related activities, especially in children and young adults. TBI usually results from a
violent jolt to the head or body causing a wide range of physical and psychological effects. To
prevent TBI, good balance is needed to not only decrease the risk of falling, but to also recover
rapidly when someone is about to fall. This lab aims to analyze the balance control of the human
body and to also measure the effects of various sports helmets on body balance and center of
pressure (COP). As much as the helmet protects the head from a direct hit, it also affects an
athlete's balance because of its weight and overall structure. As a biomedical engineer, more
information about balance and COP in circumstances with different sports helmets would help
with better design of sports gear so athletes can play safer with an improved biomechanical
performance.
Rojas 4
Methods
This lab consisted of a few pieces of equipment and materials:
-
AMTI force platform Accusway RS-232
-
AMTI Netforce version 3.5.2 software
-
BioAnalysis version 2.3.1 software
-
Nike Pro Gold TCF 10 Batter’s Baseball Helmet
-
Riddell Revolution Speed Football Helmet
-
Natural Grip Two Tone with Mask Softball Helmet
-
Bauer 9900 Hockey Helmet
In the beginning, my height and weight were measured and taken using a scale and tape
measure. Their gender, level of activity, and leg dominance were recorded as well. The subject
then performed the quiet standing on the force platform with no helmet. In quiet standing, the
subject stands with their feet around hip distance apart with their hands by their sides, and
looking straight at the wall that has a big black X mark. The subject stays in that position for 20
seconds while the person at the computer is gathering the net force and taking the measurements.
After the measurement is complete, the subject steps down from the platform and has a resting
time of about 15 seconds. Next, the subject stood on one leg on the force platform with their
right leg raised in the frontal plane, approximately 30 degrees from their standing position. The
subject maintains this position for 20 seconds again while the measurements are being taken and
then they step down from the platform. The quiet standing and raised leg positions were
performed four more times each while the subject was wearing a football helmet, a baseball
helmet, a softball helmet, and a hockey helmet. After finishing and getting the statistics, the
subject’s comfort level with each helmet was recorded on a paper for later reference.
Rojas 5
Results
Table 1:
Subject Body Measurements
Subject Name
Isabella Rojas
Height [in.]
63
Weight [lbs.]
130
Gender
Female
Exercise Level
Low
Hand Dominance
Right
Table 2:
Comfort Level of Each Helmet
Helmet Design
Comfort Level (0-10) where Higher is the Most Comfort
Football
2
Baseball
8
Softball
8
Hockey
6
Table 3:
Data for Subject’s Quiet Standing
No Helmet
Football
Baseball
Softball
Hockey
Avg Displacement along X
[cm.]
0.287
0.295
0.198
0.343
0.617
Avg displacement along Y
[cm.]
0.457
0.511
0.513
1.12
0.744
Avg. radial displacement
[cm.]
0.574
0.648
0.587
1.217
1.021
SD-Major Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.325
0.478
0.645
1.212
1.021
Rojas 6
SD-Minor Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.549
0.513
12
0.5
0.538
Avg. velocity [cm/sec]
21.763
26.091
23.317
26.03
22.921
Length [cm.]
36.281
43.492
38.875
43.404
38.219
Table 4:
Data for Subject’s Right Leg Raised
No Helmet
Football
Baseball
Softball
Hockey
Avg Displacement along X
[cm.]
0.518
0.64
0.447
0.973
0.594
Avg displacement along Y
[cm.]
0.851
1.029
0.599
1.361
0.813
Avg. radial displacement
[cm]
1.082
1.3
0.815
0.795
0.45
SD-Major Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.892
0.892
0.709
0.904
0.556
SD-Minor Axis of 95%
ellipse
0.861
1.146
0.582
1.41
0.841
Avg. velocity [cm/sec]
64.282
71.811
49.012
60.594
61.326
Length [cm.]
107.15
91.146
81.676
100.998
102.23
Figure 1:
Overlaid 95% Ellipse of Quiet Standing
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