Lab 11-tue
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Loudenridge Sundling
Lab #11 Thick lenses II
Tuesday Am Lab
Objectives:
Ultimately, the primary goal of this lab is to further our understanding of thick
lenses and their effect on the lens maker equations that are used for ideal thin lenses. Moreover,
throughout this lab we will be required to display our understanding of how thick lenses require
us to use the two different principal planes as reference points when calculating the other
defining characteristics of the lens system. Furthermore, because the principal planes are usually
located inside the lens, they are generally difficult to measure from which sometimes requires us
to use the front and rear focal points as reference points. Consequently, throughout this lab we
will use an autocollimation technique in which collimate beams of light are shined onto each side
of the lens which allows us to easily locate both F and F’. Then, using these values and their
relationship to the front and rear focal lengths, we should be able to calculate for the principal
planes which we can then use to find the rest of the cardinal points. Therefore, this will display
our understanding of how the principal planes are dependent on the radius of curvature and
thickness of their respective side of the lens surface. Additionally, throughout this lab, we are
expected to use our knowledge of principal planes in their relationship to thin lenses to calculate
for 3 different known focal lengths using a three lens system and a point source.
Procedure:
Within this lab, we have two different experimental procedures. The first
procedure requires us to display our knowledge of our the back and front focal lengths relate to
the principal planes and the rear and front focal lengths. Consequently, we must set up an optical
system with one of the two lenses given, the xerox copy lens or SLR zoom camera lens, and use
autocollimation as well as adjusting the microscope to focus on the dust on the front of lens to
calculate the front focal distance. Then, after removing the microscope and replacing it with the
point source, we will adjust the lens until a focused image is on the back notecard. We will
record the position of the microscope and subtract the original position from it to find our x value
in the Newtonian equations. Then, in order to find the x’ value, we will repeat our process of
autocollimation to find the position of the lens which we will then subtract the previous position
of the lens. Finally, we will repeat the original process to find the front focal distance but flipped
around on the optical system in order to find the back focal distance. Then, we will repeat this
process for the other provided lens system.
The second procedure requires us to setup a three lens system. Therefore, we must first
place our first lens, focal length of 100 mm, 100 mm away from the object source and then place
the imaging notecard a random distance away from the first lens. Then, we will adjust the second
lens using trial and error until we find the arbitrary distance between the first lens and the
imaging notecard which makes the image focused. Thus, in order to find the focal length of a
given lens, we will place this lens 100 mm away from the first lens and proceed to adjust the
object location until the image is in focus again. Then, using the new object location subtracted
from the original object location, we have found the location of the first principle plane.
Consequently, using the equations provided for us in the lab manual, we can calculate for the
values of f2 using our know value of d (first principle plane) which will inevitably be the focal
length of our second lens. Finally, by taking the inverse of this f2 value, we will calculate for the
power of the second lens as well.
Summary:
Overall, throughout this lab, we are using Newtonian image equations in order to
calculate for the cardinal points of two provided lenses, a xerox copy lens and a SLR zoom
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