Lab 7
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Dec 6, 2023
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Conservation of Energy at the Skate Park
1.
Place the skater at the top of the half-pipe and press the > button to allow him to move.
Make sure he starts from rest!
a.
Describe what happens to the skater:
The skater starts at the top and gets to the opposite of the ramp. The potential energy
reaches its highest, when the skater got to the top of the ramp and the kinetic energy goes down as the skater goes up the
ramp.
b.
Turn on the Bar graph and Speed indicator and complete the energy chart below by pausing the motion at the different
points indicated:
2.
Discuss the energy changes that you see in the bar charts. The bar chart shows the following energies:
Energy of motion (Kinetic energy),
Energy due to the skater’s height above ground (Gravitational potential energy)
Total mechanical energy (Kinetic energy + Gravitational Potential Energy)
Thermal Energy (Heat energy generated by friction)
i.
Which energy bar stayed constant ALL THE TIME:
The total mechanical energy.
ii.
Which energy was at a maximum when the skater has a the top of the pipe:
Gravitational
potential energy.
iii.
Which energy was at a maximum when the skater was at the bottom of the pipe:
Kinetic energy.
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Top Right of Ramp
Bottom of Ramp
Top Left of Ramp
iv.
Which energy always stayed at zero?
Thermal Energy
(This makes sense because there Is no
friction here!
c.
Turn on the speed dial. Discuss the skater’s speed at the top and bottom of the pipe
.
Speed at top of pipe:
Speed at the
lowest level of the scale.
Speed at bottom of pipe:
Speed increases to half of the scale, it doesn’t go all the way up.
d.
Explain how the speed is connected to the energy values in part c.
When potential energy is at the
highest level, speed is at the lowest. Kinetic levels increase when the skater hits the highest speed, which happens at
the bottom.
3
. Click on the Friction Icon at the Bottom of the screen
.
Run the simulation again with friction in the MIDDLE of the setting range:
a) Complete the chart.
b. Discuss what happens to the skater over time in this case.
Due to a decrease of both
the kinetic and potential levels and an increase of thermal levels, the skater would eventually stop over
time.
C. Why does the skater eventually stop?
With increased thermal
levels, friction will eventually stop the skaters movement
Consolidation Questions:
1.
Discuss what happens to the form of energy as the skater rolls down the hill.
(Hint: discuss the conversion of energy).
The energy changes depend on the position of the skater and
friction. As the skater rolled down the ramp, kinetic energy was at its maximum, while potential energy was at its
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Top Right of Ramp
Bottom of Ramp
Top Left of Ramp
minimum. The total mechanical energy stays the same.
Thermal energy increases with friction, while kinetic and
potential energy decrease, Total mechanical energy however, remains the same.
2.
If there is no friction in the system, what can we conclude about the total mechanical energy?
The
total mechanical energy is the highest level of energy that kinetic and potential energy can reach. This makes it
the sum total of potential and kinetic energy.
3.
What kind of energy is generated when friction is present?
Thermal energy
4.
How does friction affect the mechanical energy in the system?
Friction reduces the levels of mechanical
energy in this system.
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