MEC 325 Final Preperation

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School

Toronto Metropolitan University *

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Course

325

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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1 A radio volume control might be designed to be a dial or a slider which provides a continuous control of amplification - which the functionality the user is expecting. These are examples of which kind of control coding? Shape Size Mode of operations Labelling Colour Location INCLUSIVE DESIGN: In our guest lecture on inclusive design, barriers for people with limitations - leading to disability in their daily lives - can be caused by: Attitudinal factors: Systemic factors: Barrier by society as a whole eg.(BLM) Physical factors : requires manual dexterity Political factors You are designing warning signs for a construction site. According to the Helander textbook, what are the information processing stages you need to consider when designing this sign? Visibility, perceived relevance, understanding, action Attention, recognition, avoidance, safety Attention, memory, recognition, motor Colour & shape, recognition, action, safety When building a system diagram of a powered machine that will consume gasoline during operation, we represent the flow into the machine of gasoline as a flow of: Energy Mass Information Pollution When constructing a system identification matrix, which kinds of requirements are used? Product characteristics All of the above Constraints Functional requirements In terms of control. Turning a wheel to the right to turn a cart to the right is an example of: Using short term memory A natural mapping Expectation management (??) A population stereotype A 1:1 mapping Control response compatibility

2 If you design a vehicle cockpit that is large enough to fit up to 95th percentile males, and small enough that 5th percentile females can reach all the controls easily, then what fraction of the population will have problems using your design? Over 10% 10% Under 10% About 5% Over 5% A set of “rules” providing general advice for evaluating usability in your design is called a: Fast usability check Heuristic test Memory reduction method Ease of use scale Usability checklist In terms of Rasmussen’s model of decision making, when you are adjusting your bicycle position to stay between the lines in the bike lane, you are engaging in what kind of decision making? Memory based Population stereotype Experience based Skill based Rule based Knowledge based I am operating machinery outside and can’t see the control panel because of the sun reflecting off the metal panel into my eye. This is an example of: (pick one) Too little brightness Excess brightness A control problem Indirect glare Direct glare Who is NOT a co-user of a hospital bed? Nurse Cleaning staff Patient Doctor Visitors / family Pharmacist The statement “the product must resist corrosion” is an example of: (pick one)

3 Constraint None of the above Title for a situated use case Product characteristic Functional requirement How long does it take for a typical person’s eyes to adapt to the darkness outside at night after exiting from a brightly lit room? About 10min About 30min About 60min About 3min About 5min Situated use case vs usage scenario Which of the following is true? SUCs and USs are both represented with flowcharts SUCs determine specific cases of the application of a US SUCs must reference personas, but USs must never reference personas A good US does not mention specific product parts or materials, but a good SUC can mention them. When professional designers were studied; what was observed when they used “disability simulators” to examine their design problem, compared to just examining the design directly? They discovered many more problems and barriers They discovered a few more problems and barriers They discovered about the same number of problems They discovered a few less problems and barriers They discovered far fewer problems and barriers The statement “an orthopedic surgeon goes to work on a rainy autumn day” is an example of: (pick one) Constraint None of the above Title for a SUC Functional requirement Product characteristic I am operating machinery outside and can’t see the control panel because the sun is shining in my eye making the panel seem black. This is an example of: (pick one) Excess brightness Direct glare Too little brightness A control problem

4 Indirect glare In the context of human information processing, what are heuristics? Shortcuts in decision making that reduce working memory load A reliable approach to naturalistic decision making Decision approaches that improve decision accuracy A means of resolving skill-based decisions A set of guidelines for usability checks What light level would you use at a university library workstation? 8000 - 12000 lux 10 - 20 lux 3000 - 5000 lux 500 - 1000 lux 100 - 200 lux Which of these statements below best describes the central idea of “situation awareness”? Collating available information to analyse a situation Seeing the system status clearly Understanding the current situation Recalling past event to understand the current state Projecting from the current situation to the future state An artful floor tile installation in black and white tile makes people who see it think the floor is tilted. This illusion is an example of an error in: Short term memory The cognitive processor The visual system The visual image store Long term memory The perceptual processor We tend to place more weight on information that is consistent with our view than information that conflicts with it. This is an example of: Confirmation bias Salience bias A cognitive bias A perceptual bias Reverse causal reasoning You are designing a display panel for a construction machine. In terms of vision, what can you, as a designer, control that will affect your users' ability to see them panel clearly? (check all that apply) Weather conditions

5 Size of displays Colour Material reflectance Panel vibration User’s visual capability The benefits of including usability in product design can include: Less training time for users Lower help desk costs Fewer returns Better product and more sales A customer writes a detailed review praising your product in glowing terms. This is A subjective, qualitative indicator An objective, quantitative indicator A subjective, quantitative indicator An objective, qualitative indicator The extent to which your measurement actually relates to the concept you are trying to measure (e.g. fatigue): Reliability Accuracy Validity Face validity Precision Content validity Which of these are indicators of usability from the end user’s perspective? (check all that apply): Brand image Price User satisfaction ratings Time to complete task Error rate Needed training time In terms of control, you should always design a turning valve or lid to close when you turn it right. (left to open.) this is an example of: Control response compatibility Using short term memory A 1:1 mapping A natural mapping A population stereotype Expectation management

6 Which one of the following statements about using LABELS as coding support in control panel design is correct? (check one or more): Not everyone will understand the labels Labels are fast to understand Labels help beginners Labels are highly reliable Not everyone can perceive the labels The consistency of your measurement when used repeatedly for the same conditions indicates its: Face validity Validity Precision Content Validity Accuracy Reliability We tend to pay attention to larger or brighter signals than weaker, smaller ones. This is an example of: Confirmation bias Salience bias A cognitive bias A perceptual bias Reverse causal reasoning How long would it take for a typical users eyes to adapt to a bright light (e.g if they have fully dark adapted vision and turn on a bright light)? About 30 mins About 60 mins About 2 mins About 10 mins About 5 mins Hick’s law specifies the relationship between the number of control choice (C#) and the operator’s reaction time (RT). Specifically Hick’s Law states that: RT increases exponentially with C# RT increases linearly with C# RT decreases log-linearly with C# RT decreases linearly with C# RT increases log-linearly with C# Which of these is a well-phrased example of one or more requirements? (multiple select)

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