ME495 Lab 4_SmithE

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San Diego State University *

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495

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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12

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Tubular Heat Exchanger ME 495: Mechanical and Thermal Systems Lab Thursday: Section 05 Author: Emilee Smith Instructor: Dr. Hamid Nourollahi Feb 21, 2024
Table of Contents Objective of Experiment ................................................................................................................................ 3 Equations and Symbols .................................................................................................................................. 4 Equipment ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Experimental Procedure ................................................................................................................................. 4 Experimental Results ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Sample Calculations ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Discussion of Results ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Lab Guide Questions ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Figures Figure 1: Graph of Power Emitted and Absorbed vs Flow Rate .................................................................... 7 Figure 2: Graph of ΔT for Cold and Hot Fluid vs Flow Rate ........................................................................ 7 Figure 3: Graph of Overall Efficiency and Flow Rate ................................................................................... 8 List of Tables Table 1: Symbols ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Table 2: Equations .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Table 3:Average Efficiency and Error Across Different Flow Rates ............................................................. 6 Table 4:Average Heat Transfer Coefficient and LMTD Across Different Flow Rates .................................. 6
Objective of Experiment The primary purpose of the experiment is to understand heat transfer that occurs in tubular heat exchangers. The performance of the heat exchanger at three different flow rates will be evaluated by calculating the heat transfer coefficient using the data collected. It is hypothesized that the system will cause the heat transfer coefficient to initially increase proportionally with the flow rate, then begin to decrease as flow rate continues to be increased. The principle guiding this experiment is based on the transfer of heat between hot and cold fluid streams separated by two concentric (coaxial) tubes. The hot water flowing through the inner metal tube will decrease in temperature while the cold water flowing through the outer acrylic annulus will increase in temperature. Several elements can affect the heat transfer coefficient within this heat exchanger. The material properties of the fluid being used as well as the system itself can create discrepancies within the data collection. Temperature gradient between the hot and cold fluids, the geometry of the heat exchanger being utilized, and the fluid flow rates may also have an effect on the outcome of the experiment. Finally, the independent variable will be the cold water, and the dependent variable will be the heat transfer coefficient - the main objective. The following two tables include a list of symbols and equations, respectively, that will be used for data collection, evaluation, and calculations.
Table 1: Symbols Symbol Definition 𝑇 1 Hot Fluid Inlet ( ) 𝑇 3 Hot Fluid Outlet ( ) 𝑇 4 Cold Fluid Inlet ( ) 𝑇 6 Cold Fluid Outlet ( ) ???? Mass Flow Rate 𝑉??? Volumetric Flow Rate ρ Density of Fluid 𝑄??? Heat Rate ? ? Specific Heat Capacity ∆𝑇 Change in Temperature ( ) η Overall Efficiency 𝑄??? ??𝑖???? Heat Emitted 𝑄??? ???????? Heat Absorbed ? Flow Area ??𝑇? Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference TA Temperature Difference between and ( ) 𝑇 3 𝑇 4 TB Temperature Difference between and ( ) 𝑇 1 𝑇 6 Heat Transfer Coefficient
Table 2: Equations Equation 1: Mass Flow Rate ???? = 𝑉??? * ρ Equation 2: Heat Emitted 𝑄??? ??𝑖???? = ???? ℎ?? * ? ?, ℎ?? * ∆𝑇 ℎ?? Equation 3: Heat Absorbed 𝑄??? ???????? = ???? ???? * ? ?, ???? * ∆𝑇 ???? Equation 4: Overall Efficiency η = 𝑄??? ???????? /𝑄??? ??𝑖???? * 100% Equation 5: Heat Loss 𝑄??? ?𝑖??? = 𝑄??? ??𝑖???? − 𝑄??? ???????? Equation 6: Heat Transfer Coefficient ℎ = 𝑄??? ??𝑖???? /(? * ??𝑇?) Equation 7: Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference ??𝑇? = (∆𝑇? ∆𝑇?) / ?? (∆𝑇?/∆𝑇?) Equation 8: Temperature Efficiency (Hot) (𝑇 1 − 𝑇 3 )/(𝑇 1 − 𝑇 4 ) * 100% Equation 9: Temperature Efficiency (Cold) (𝑇 6 − 𝑇 4 )/(𝑇 1 − 𝑇 4 ) * 100% Equipment HT30XC Heat Exchanger Unit HT31 Tubular (tube-in-tube) Heat Exchanger Experimental Procedure The first step of the experiment is to check that the HT31 Tubular (tube-in-tube) Heat Exchanger is mounted correctly to the HT30XC Heat Exchanger Unit which should then be connected to the computer via USB. The hot water cylinder should be filled up with water if needed (if it is any less than full). Next, the sensors must be connected properly for counterflow. The hot water inlet is connected to sensor T1 while hot water outlet is connected to T3. For the cold water, T4 connects the inlet, while T6 connects the outlet. Finally, the temperature sensors must be connected to the correct socket - the numbers on the plugs and the sockets need to match.
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