FINAL_LABS_BIOS251_Online_Labs_Week_5-Integumentary_system_lab (1)
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BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
OL Lab 5: Integumentary system
Learning Objectives:
Identify the tissue and cellular features of the skin.
Identify the structures associated with the skin.
Correlate the anatomical features to its functions.
Identify the role of the skin in thermoregulation and wound healing.
Part A: Anatomy of the skin
I. Microscopic anatomy of the skin. Complete the table using the image provided:
Structure
Function
A
Stratum corneum
15-30 layers, protection from
microbes and dehydration
B
Stratum granulosum
3-5 layer of flatter
keratinocytes
C
Stratum spinosum
8-10 layers of keratinocytes,
dendritic cells live here
D
Stratum basale
Single layer of mostly basal
cells, also has melanocytes and
merkel cells
E
Basal cell
Cuboidal shaped stem cell that
is a precursor to keratinocytes
F
Tactile nerve fiber
Respond to stimuli
G
dermis
Made up of connective tissue,
strength/eleasticity
H
Dendritic cell
Immune response to microbes
I
Tactile cell
Receptors for touch
J
Living keratinocytes
Produce keratin
K
melanocyte
Produce melanin to give skin
it’s color
BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
II. Gross anatomy of the skin. Complete the table using the image provided.
Structure
Function
A
Hair shaft
Traps air to aid in
insulation
B
Blood capillaries
Supply blood to the skin
C
Arrector muscle
Makes hair stand up
D
Sebaceous gland
Secretes oil
E
Eccrine sweat gland
Secretes water to skin to
regulate body temp
F
Hair bulb
The hair grows from here
G
hypodermis
deepest layer, contains fat
H
Lamellated
corpuscle
Pressure receptor
I
Epidermal ridge
Provide increased surface
area
J
Papillary region
nutrients
K
Reticular region
Strength/elasticity
L
dermis
Assists in thermoregulation
BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
Part B: Thermoregulation
Use the diagram provided, to answer the questions.
1.
Homeostatic regulatory mechanism involves atleast 3 independent components.Identify these
components labeled as A, B, C in the diagram.
A. Receptor
B. The control center
C. The effector
2. Describe in your own words the physiological events that would occur during this feedback mechanism
. The receptor (skin) sends messages to the control center that it is getting too hot or too cold, the control
center (the brain) sends signals to the effector (blood vessels in the skin) to either dilate to bring more
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BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
blood to the surface and warm the skin or contract to cool the skin. This will (hopefully) bring the receptor back to homeostasis.
3. Identify the condition that would occur due to increase in body temperature.
hyperthermia
Part C: Skin Wound Healing- Anatomy TV
Instructions: For this part of the lab you will use Anatomy TV to watch an animation on skin wound healing. Please read the instructions before you begin.
1.
Use the link below to log into Anatomy TV via Chamberlain Library. https://library.chamberlain.edu/az.php?q=
. 2. Select Anatomy TV under popular databases to access the site.
3. Select the ‘Integumentary System’ tile:
4. Select topics
and click on Skin Wound Healing
.
5. Watch the animation to answer the questions below:
1.
Compare and contrast the epidermal and dermal wound healing.
BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
Epidermal healing is simpler as there is less healing that needs to be done. The cells simply multiply and migrate across the wound until it is closed and back to normal. Dermal healing is a little bit more involved and there are three steps to it. Phase one is inflammation, phase two is the proliferation phase, phase three is the maturation and remodeling phase. This type of healing takes much longer and has reduced elasticity of the skin due to the scar tissue that is formed.
2.
Describe the first step in wound healing. What its significance?
This is the inflammation phase where histamine is released triggering vasodilation and increasing the permeability of the blood vessels. This is significant because it increases the access of phagocytic cells to get in there and start removing any microbes and dying
tissue prior to starting the repair process.
3.
Why is inflammation an important step in wound healing? It allows phagocytic cells greater access to clear out any microbes and dying tissues before repair.
4.
What results in fibrosis during deep wound healing?
The healing of a deep wound results in fibrosis. Fibrosis is the formation of scar tissue.
Part D: Case Studies
:
Read the case study. In your own words and in complete sentences answer the questions.
Case Study 1
While preparing dinner Jane knocked a pan of boiling water onto herself. She suffered partial thickness burns to the anterior region of her legs.
1.
What is partial thickness burns?
BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
It is a second degree burn that involves the top two layers of skin. These burns form blisters and are painful.
2.
Jane lost sensation of the affected area? Why?
Jane lost some sensation to the area because the nerves were also burned
3.
Using the Rule of Nines calculate the total body surface area percentage that is burned?
18% for one leg, 36% for both
Case Study 2
Tom, a 14-year-old teenager, fell into the partially frozen pond during his walk with his friends. His friends rescued him and took him back to the car. On the walk back, Tom, started to show signs of hypothermia.
1.
What is hypothermia?
Hypothermia is a significant loss of body heat. Your body is losing heat faster than it can replace it.
2.
Which skin receptors detect a decrease in temperature?
Thermoreceptors
3.
Which control center monitors the signaling from these skin receptors? The hypothalamus of the brain
4.
What happens to the blood vessels in the skin during hypothermia? What is the purpose of this response?
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BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
The blood vessels will constrict to bring less blood to the surface of the skin. The purpose of this is to help keep warm blood in the core of the body to hopefully warm the body back to normal temperature.
5.
What will happen to the hairs in Tom’s skin? What is the purpose of this response?
The hairs on Tom’s skin will stand up to try to create more surface area and keep the body warmer.
6.
What would be the feedback mechanism involved to bring back Tom’s temperature back
to normal? Negative feedback would be used to bring the body back to a normal temperature.
Grading Rubric:
Activity
Deliverable
Points
Part A (I & II)
Skin Structure and Functions
10
Part B, C & D
Answer all the questions
-
Part B -
Thermoregulation
-
Part C – Skin Wound Healing
-
Part D –Case studies
5
5
10
Total
Complete all lab activities
30
BIOS251 OL, Week 5 Lab
Name: Ashly Hogue
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