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Apr 3, 2024

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Determine whether the following statements are factual claims or value claims. If a statement makes a value claim, then determine if it is a moral value claim or a personal value claim. 12A (p 591): #2-15 do all 2: Your answer to the homework problem is wrong. A: Factual claim. 3: Pizza is the most delicious kind of food on the planet. A: Value claim, personal. 4: Euthanasia is an acceptable act. A: Value claim, moral. 5: The movie Inception won four Academy Awards. A: Factual claim. 6: The movie Inception was confusing and difficult to follow. A: Value claim, personal. 7: Venison is deer meat. A: Factual claim. 8: Eating meat is wrong. A: Value claim, moral. 9: Air travel is boring. A: Value claim, personal. 10: Air travel is the safest way to travel. A: Factual claim. 11: Anyone afraid of flying is irrational. A: Value claim, personal. 12: Tax evasion is a criminal offense. A: Factual claim. 13: Not paying taxes is a justified form of protest. A: Value claim, moral. 14: Giving big corporations tax breaks is welfare for millionaires. A: Value claim, personal. 15: Microsoft employs the most workers of any software company in the United States. A: Factual claim. Answer “true” or “false” to the following statements. 12B (p 598): #2-15 do all 2: Every moral theory is based on the determination of how a person's act either produces pleasure or avoids pain. A: True. 3: An ethical theory is teleological if it relies on the belief that the value of an action or object can be determined by looking at the purpose or the end of the action or object. A: True. 4: The fact that pleasure, pain, and happiness are different for each person is a problem for deontological theories. A: True.

5: Consequentialist moral theories are based on our duties to others. A: False. 6: Deontological theories hold that duty to others is the first and foremost moral consideration. A: True. 7: Utilitarianism holds that moral values are relative to individuals and cultures; therefore, there can be no universal moral principles. A: True. 8: Emotivism asserts that moral value judgments are merely expressions of our attitudes or emotions. A: True. 9: A categorical imperative is a rule relative to a particular culture or religion. A: False. 10: Egoism holds that everyone should act in order to maximize his or her own individual pleasure or happiness. A: True. 11: Emotivism holds that all moral value judgments are merely expressions of our feelings about certain human behaviors. A: False. 12: Relativism holds that the same principles hold for all people at all times. A: False. 13: A criticism of utilitarianism is that we can never know all the consequences of our actions. A: True. 14: A criticism of deontology is that we do not have a way to measure pleasure and pain. A: True. 15: An important factor for teleological moral theories is the motive behind a particular act or behavior. A: False. The following passages are taken from various sources. Identity the moral arguments in each passage, and use any of the theories discussed in this chapter in your analysis of the arguments. 12E.II (p 606): #2-12 do even 2: With over 1 billion people, China should have a greater voice on the issue of world peace. Norway is only a small country, but it must be in the minority concerning the conception of freedom and democracy. Hence, the selection of the “Nobel Peace Prize” should be open to the people of the world. Ed Flanagan, “Big PR Goof? China's Confusing Confucius Prize,” NBC News. A: Argument: China should have a greater say because they have more people in their country. Norway is small so it should not have much of a say. Discussion: Just because a country is bigger does not mean they need more of a say, it would be unfair to the other countries if they were not allowed the same allowances as big countries.

4: While most people took internet access for granted as a constant, the rudeness of Egypt’s internet shutdown raises a question: is access to the internet a human right? “There are certain technological advances that are such leaps forward in human evolution that they do, in fact, become human rights. Vaccines, for example. Portable water. I believe the internet has become one as well.” said John Addis. Wilson Rothman, “Is Internet Access a Human Right?” Technolog A: Argument: Internet is a human right; therefore, everyone deserves to have it. Discussion: Since potable water, and vaccines are human rights, the internet should be a human right as well. 6: It is frequently stated that illicit drugs are “bad, dangerous, destructive,” or “addictive,” and that society has an obligation to keep them from the public. But nowhere can be found reliable, objective scientific evidence that they are any more harmful than other substances and activities that are legal. In view of the enormous expense, the carnage and the obvious futility of the “drug war,” resulting in massive criminalization of society, it is high time to examine the supposed justification for keeping certain substances illegal. Benson B. Roe, M.D., “Why We Should Legalize Drugs.” A: Argument: It is stated that drugs are considered bad and dangerous and that society wants to keep them from the public. It is about time we examine the reasoning to keep these drugs to be considered illegal. Discussion: Relativism holds that there are no objective moral facts about the world. If illicit drugs are no more harmful or destructive than other legal substances, then there is no moral justification to outlawing them. 8: And yet, while young men’s failures in life are not penalizing them in the bedroom, their sexual success may, ironically, be hindering their drive to achieve in life. Don’t forget your Freud: Civilization is built on blocked, redirected, and channeled sexual impulse, because men will work for sex. Today’s young men, however, seldom have to. As the authors of last year's book Sex at Dawn: The Prehistoric Origins of Modern Sexuality put it, “Societies in which women have lots of autonomy and authority tend to be decidedly male-friendly, relaxed, tolerant, and plenty sexy.” They’re right. But then try getting men to do anything. Mark Regnerus, “Sex is Cheap,” Slate A: Argument: According to Frued, civilization is built or blocked, redirected or channeled sexual impulse, because men work for sex. Today's young men seldom have to. Men’s failures in life are not penalizing them in the bedroom, but their sexual success may be hindering their drive to achieve in life. Discussion: According to egoism, the young men are simply following the path of least resistance in order to assure their happiness. Since there is no way to accurately predict long- term outcomes, the young men are trying to maximize their short-term pleasure and happiness with the least effort possible. 10: The list of growing jobs is heavy on nurturing professions, and which women, ironically, seem to benefit from old stereotypes and habits. theoretically, there is no reason men should not be qualified. but they have proved remarkably unable to adapt. Over the course of the past century, feminism has pushed women to do things once considered against their nature- first

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