Application Exercise #3 - TPB-TRA HBM & TTM

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East Carolina University *

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3000

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Philosophy

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Group 4- ___Maddy Heins, Kyyonna Gray, Malayzia Roseboro, Katie Calerbo, Elijah Terry___ Application Activity 3: TTM, HBM, TRA/TPB You will be using the Transtheoretical Model, the Health Belief Model and Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior to promote vaccinations. Also, how will you use Fun Theory. Think of the cause of the behavior and how Fun can enhance. 1.     First, research beliefs and vaccinations. Vaccines as viewed by different religious groups: o    Buddhism - Buddhism has no central authority that determines doctrine. Vaccination is widely accepted in predominantly Buddhist countries. o Christianity - The Christian faith consists of multiple different denominations, which may differ in theological approach to vaccines. o   The only denominations that have a theological objection to vaccinations include: Dutch Reformed Congregations and faith healing denominations (faith Tabernacle, Church of the First Born, Faith Assembly, End Time Ministries) o   Hinduism - Hinduism has no prohibition against vaccines. While Hindus venerate cows, trace bovine components of certain vaccines have not been identified as a theological concern. o   Islam - Islam has no prohibition on vaccination. There have been several gatherings of Muslim leaders, scholars, and philosophers to address the theological implications of ingredients in food and drugs, including vaccination. The Organization of Islamic Conference and 15th annual conference of the International Fiqh Council both concluded that vaccination is acceptable Theory of Reasoned Action/ Theory of Planned Behavior
under Islam. The Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences concluded that porcine gelatin used in vaccines is acceptable. Some muftis (experts in Islamic law) hold that immunization is obligatory (wajib) when the disease risk is high and the vaccine has benefits that far outweigh its risk. o   Jainism - Jains follow a path of non-violence toward all living beings including microscopic organisms. Jains do allow cooking, the use of soap and antibiotics, and vaccination, because this destruction of microorganisms, even though regretted, is necessary to protect other lives. o Judaism - Judaism supports vaccination as an action to maintain health, and also as a parental responsibility to protect children against future infection. In Judaism the concept of Pikuakh nefesh, acting to save one's own or another's life, is a primary value. While some vaccines containing porcine derived gelatin, Jewish scholars agree that porcine gelatin in injectable form is acceptable. o Scientology - no precepts or strictures about vaccinations within Scientology https://www.vumc.org/health-wellness/resource-articles/immunizations-and-religion  Most US states except West Virginia and Mississippi allow individual to apply for religious exemptions  to mandatory vaccines based on religious beliefs and objections religious vaccine exemptions have risen in recent years Suspicion and mistrust of vaccines o Common, especially among several specific disenfranchised communities in the US and internationally  example- studies have found that the legacy of racism in medicine and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, a clinical trial conducted with African Americans denied appropriate treatment opportunities, are key factors underlying African Americans’ distrust of medical and public health interventions, including vaccination o Internationally, in parts of Asia and Africa, mistrust of vaccines is often tied to “Western plot” theories, which suggest that vaccines are ploys to sterilize or infect non-Western communities   2.     Review all the Theories/models and identify, list the 2 constructs of each theory/model your group will apply to this topic.   Health Belief model Perceived susceptibility- do people believe they will feel negative consequences after getting a vaccine? How do people perceive the risks and outcomes if they are to be negative? Some people may believe they will not get a certain disease thus they do not get the vaccine for it Self-efficacy- will a person take the advice of political leaders they support for their vaccination needs? A person will feel more confident in their decision if they have a leader to look up to and follow. This is why the general public who do not believe in vaccination are generally part of a certain political and cultural belief system Transtheoretical model Precontemplation (People are not thinking seriously about making a change) and contemplation (people are aware of the behavior they need to change and considering taking action) - play a big role in people's decision whether or not to get a vaccine. Are these people even considering taking action or will they choose to ignore it? We need to get people thinking about vaccinations. A way to do this could be more public service announcements reminding parents and adults to get their kids and themselves vaccinated. TRA/TPB Personal beliefs and evaluation of beliefs- we want people to consider their own health goals and what they fear about vaccines. We don't want people’s views to be influenced by the beliefs of others.    3.     Explain why each of the constructs were chosen?  Each of the constructs we chose to focus on all include the first few steps toward making a behavior change. We want the focus to be on people who need to make change to create more of an impact on vaccination
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