Project 2 Newtons Laws
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Feb 20, 2024
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Newtons First Law:
A body remains at rest or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by a force.
Second Law:
When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the
force.
Momentum, p=m x v
Force, F
=
p
ⅆ
t
ⅆ
=
ⅆ
t
ⅆ
(
m×v
)
m
v
ⅆ
t
ⅆ
+
v
m
ⅆ
t
ⅆ
If mass is constant, then…
F
=
m
v
ⅆ
t
ⅆ
=
ma
Where a is the acceleration of the body
Newton’s Third Law: If 2 bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions.
In this experiment, we will show that Newton’s 1
st
, 2
nd
, and 3
rd
laws of motion can be used to describe the outcome of each attempt. When an object is dropped from a certain height it has potential energy depending on the height it’s dropped from. The gravitational force will influence the rate of the fall. Newton’s 1
st
law states that the object will fall at the same rate if it is not affected by any force. The only
forces that will act against the object are wind resistance and impact force.
The 2
nd
law of motion is exhibited by the force released from the ground on the object at impact. This is known as the impulse force
F
=
m
v
ⅆ
t
ⅆ
=
ma
Impulse, I
=
∫
0
t
F
⋅
t
ⅆ
=
∫
u
V
m
⋅
v
ⅆ
Impact force is calculated using…
F
impact
=
m
(
v
−
u
)
Δt
In this equation “v” is velocity of the phone at the time of collision and “u” is the velocity when it is dropped The 3
rd
law of motion states that the phone will exert force on ground equal to its weight and the ground on the phone but in the opposite direction.
Phone without case:
m = 6.2 oz = 0.175 kg
0.02834 * 6.2 oz = 0.175708 kg
Time to impact Δt
=
0.01
s
P E
i
+
k E
i
=
P E
f
+
k E
f
mgh
+
0
=
1
2
mv
2
+
0
Where “v” is velocity of phone before impact.
mgh
=
0.5
⋅
m v
2
v
=
√
2
⋅
9.81
⋅
1.5
v
=
5.425
m s
−
1
Deceleration at impact can be calculated as,
v
f
=
v
+
aΔt
Here v
f
is the velocity of the phone after impact which is 0 and a = deceleration.
0
=
5.425
+
0.01
⋅
a
a
=−
542.5
m s
−
2
Force of impact, F
impact
=
m
(
v
−
u
)
Δt
=
0.175
(
5.425
−
0
)
0.01
F
impact
= 94.93 N
Phone w/ Silicon case
Phone mass: m
1
= 6.2 oz = 0.175 kg
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