Force Lab 3

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Physics

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Oct 30, 2023

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Breana Aguilar PHY-10-0752 30 September 2023 FORCE AND NEWTON’S LAWS REVIEW To Begin: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/forces-and-motion-basics Part I - Newton’s First Law Choose the “Motion” window to start the simulation. Make sure the boxes that say “Force”, “Values” and “Speed” are checked! a. Apply a force of 50 N right to the box. Describe the motion of the box using physics terms (i.e., velocity, acceleration, displacement). Refer to the speedometer in your answer. a The velocity of the box is increasing to the right as the speedometer shows an increasing number. The acceleration is constant, to the right, and displacement is increasing, to the right. b. Reset the scenario (don’t forget to check forces, speed again). Apply a force of 50 N to the right for about 5 seconds then reduce the applied force to zero (the man should stop pushing). Don’t reset the scenario. Describe the motion of the box. Refer to the speedometer in your answer. a The velocity of the box is constant, as the speedometer shows the same number. The acceleration is zero and the displacement is increasing to the right . c. Apply a force of 50N to the left. Describe the motion of the box. a The velocity of the box is increasing to the left as the speedometer shows an increasing number. The acceleration is constant and to the left, the displacement is increasing to the left. d. Explain the exact steps needed to make the box come to a stop. a To make the box come to a stop, a force would need to be applied in the opposite direction of the motion, so the speedometer reaches 0 m/s. Summary Newton’s First Law of Motion States “An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.” Explain how your observations in a - d support this, Law. When there is no force applied to the box, the box won’t move. If there is a constant force applied to the box, the box will move with increasing velocity. If there is a force applied for a short time interval, the box will continue to move with constant velocity.

Breana Aguilar PHY-10-0752 30 September 2023 Part II - Newton’s Second Law a. Reset the sim, don’t forget to check force, values, and speed again. Remove the box and place a garbage can on top of the skateboard. Using your timer/phone, measure the amount of time it takes to reach maximum speed using a force of 50 N. Try this again with forces of 100N, and 200N. Applied Force (N) Time To Max Speed (s) 50 97 seconds 100 40 seconds 200 20 seconds b. Reset the sim, check force, values, speed, and the masses boxes this time. Set the applied force to 200 N Right. Using your timer/phone measure the amount of time it takes to reach maximum speed. Repeat with two crates, one crate and a garbage can, and a refrigerator. Record your findings! Object – Mass (kg) Time To Max Speed (s) 50 10 seconds 100 20 seconds 150 30 seconds 200 40 seconds Create a graph of time vs mass. Sketch this graph in the space below. Recall how acceleration is related to time (a = v/t). Note: In this case the final speed of all the trials is the same (so the v in a = v/t should be the same value every time you calculate a for every value of t). Sketch an acceleration vs mass graph using this data in the space below.

Breana Aguilar PHY-10-0752 30 September 2023 Summary Newton’s Second Law states “The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.” Explain how your observations in both a and b support this, Law. The heavier the object, the longer it will take to accelerate to a certain speed. The larger the force applied, the larger the acceleration. Part III - Friction’s Effects The behavior of the skateboard in Part I and part II were not very realistic because friction was not present. At the bottom of the screen is a simulation that includes friction. Select this simulation. a. Set friction to “none”. Notice how the screen changed. Why do you think the app designers did that? a The ground changes to ice because different surfaces have different amounts of friction. b. Make sure that only speed box is checked. i. Apply a force to get the box to about half of its maximum speed, then remove the force. ii. ii. While the box is moving, move the friction slider to 1/2 way. What happened to the box? 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 100 150 200 Object Mass (kg) Time to Max Speed (s) Time vs Mass Graph

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