02 Kinematics (1D) - Lab Report

.docx

School

Mercyhurst University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

279

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

9

Uploaded by DeanCrow19841

Report
+x Bumper +x Kinematics in One Dimension Name: Sabina Veysalova Section #: 01 Procedure The smart cart will always start from a position of zero when you begin a data run. The +x direction is marked on top of the cart. Pay attention to which direction you push it! When asked to make predictions, know that you will not be penalized if your predictions are wrong, so do not change your predictions after you do the experiment. In the real world, predictions turn out wrong all the time! Situation 1: Level Ground Prediction You are riding your bike on a flat stretch of highway. After you get going, you stop pedaling and coast (essentially friction free) at constant velocity. In reality, there will be air resistance and some amount of friction but not enough to immediately slow you down. Thus, you are to neglect friction and air resistance for your prediction. Note the positive x-direction in the figure below. Answer the questions below for only the time during which you are coasting . Will your acceleration be positive, negative or zero? ________________ Sketch how you think your position, velocity, and acceleration graphs should look if you are coasting at a constant velocity. Again, ignore friction and air resistance. Experiment x t 0 v t 0 a t 0 1
Give the cart a quick push in the +x direction so that it mimics a bicycle coasting at constant speed. Please catch the cart as it reaches the end of the track! Friction will slow your cart down a bit, but if the velocity is fairly constant, you have a good graph. Also, depending on when you hit the “Start/Stop” buttons, there may be data from when you pushed the cart. Ignore these “pre-push” and “post-stop” sections of the data (you can hide/delete them as described in the “Instructions” or just ignore them). Compare your prediction graphs with your results. How do they compare? Position graph: Identical Somewhat similar Not even close Velocity graph: Identical Somewhat similar Not even close Acceleration graph: Identical Somewhat similar Not even close Position vs. Time Graph Slope is rise over run, m = rise run . What is the “rise” unit for the slope of the position-time graph? 3 What is the “run” unit for the slope of the position-time graph? 20 What, then, is the slope’s unit? 0.150 Considering the unit for slope, what physics quantity does the slope on a position-time graph represent? velocity On a position-time graph, what characterizes constant velocity motion? constant slope changing slope zero slope Velocity vs. Time Graph What are the units associated with the slope of this graph? seconds What physical quantity does the slope of this graph represent? Linear graph On a velocity-time graph, what characterizes constant velocity motion? positive slope zero slope negative slope Acceleration vs Time Graph For any object moving at constant velocity, what is the change in velocity? 0 Since acceleration is a = Δv Δt , what is the value of the acceleration? 0 Does the acceleration graph agree with this? Explain. This acceleration graph does agree with this because the acceleration remained constant. 2
+x Situation 2: Downhill Prediction As you are riding your bike, you stop at the top of a large hill and start to coast downhill, still without pedaling (so you are starting from rest). The hill has the same “steepness” the whole way down. Consider downhill to be the positive x direction, as shown in the diagram. Will your acceleration be positive, negative, or zero? ____________ Sketch your prediction for position, velocity, and acceleration graphs. x t 0 a t 0 v t 0 3
Bumper +x Experiment: We will now let the cart fall downhill. Angle the track as shown in the figure above: 1. Remove one of the jack stands; this will elevate the track on one end. 2. Make sure that the bumper is at the bottom of the track. 3. Place the cart at the top of the track so that the +x direction is pointing downhill . 4. Collect data as you release your cart from the top of the track; catch it as it reaches the bottom of the track. Compare your prediction graphs with your results. How do they compare? Position graph: Identical Somewhat similar Not even close Velocity graph: Identical Somewhat similar Not even close Acceleration graph: Identical Somewhat similar Not even close Position vs Time Graph: On a position-time graph, what characterizes constant acceleration motion? constant slope changing slope zero slope What feature of the position-time graph indicates the cart started from rest? Explain. - the position started at zero, which indicated that the cart was not moving. Velocity vs Time Graph: What feature of the velocity-time graph indicates the motion was in the positive x-direction? - The graph has a positive slope and is moving upward in the positive direction. Comparing this velocity graph with the constant velocity graph (from Situation 1), what feature indicates the cart was speeding up? - The graph has a steeper slope indicating more rapid increase in speed. As the cart speeds up, how does its acceleration vary in time? - Our acceleration always remained constant. On a velocity-time graph, what characterizes constant acceleration motion? constant slope changing slope zero slope 4
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help