CollegePhysics2e-SSM-Ch17

.docx

School

University of Southern Mississippi *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

111H

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

14

Uploaded by AmbassadorField12475

Report
OpenStax College Physics 2e Student Solutions Manual Chapter 17 CHAPTER 17: PHYSICS OF HEARING 17.2 SPEED OF SOUND, FREQUENCY, AND WAVELENGTH 1. When poked by a spear, an operatic soprano lets out a 1200-Hz shriek. What is its wavelength if the speed of sound is 345 m/s? Solution , so that 3. Calculate the speed of sound on a day when a 1500 Hz frequency has a wavelength of 0.221 m. Solution 5. Show that the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, as claimed in the text. Solution 7. Dolphins make sounds in air and water. What is the ratio of the wavelength of a sound in air to its wavelength in seawater? Assume air temperature is . Solution We know (from Table 17.1 ) and at from Problem 17.5 , since and , we know 9. (a) If a submarine’s sonar can measure echo times with a precision of 0.0100 s, what is the smallest difference in distances it can detect? (Assume that the submarine is in the ocean, not in fresh water.) (b) Discuss the limits this time resolution imposes on the ability of the sonar system to detect the size and shape of the object creating the echo. Solution (a) (b) This means that sonar is good for spotting and locating large objects, but it isn’t able to resolve smaller objects, or detect the detailed shapes of objects. Objects like ships or large pieces of airplanes can be found by sonar, while smaller
OpenStax College Physics 2e Student Solutions Manual Chapter 17 pieces must be found by other means. 11. Suppose a bat uses sound echoes to locate its insect prey, 3.00 m away. (See Figure 17.9 .) (a) Calculate the echo times for temperatures of and . (b) What percent uncertainty does this cause for the bat in locating the insect? (c) Discuss the significance of this uncertainty and whether it could cause difficulties for the bat. (In practice, the bat continues to use sound as it closes in, eliminating most of any difficulties imposed by this and other effects, such as motion of the prey.) Solution (a) (b) % uncertainty = (c) This uncertainty could definitely cause difficulties for the bat, if it didn’t continue to use sound as it closed in on its prey. A 5% uncertainty could be the difference between catching the prey around the neck or around the chest, which means that it could miss grabbing its prey. 17.3 SOUND INTENSITY AND SOUND LEVEL 12. What is the intensity in watts per meter squared of 85.0-dB sound? Solution 14. A sound wave traveling in air has a pressure amplitude of 0.5 Pa. What is the intensity of the wave? Solution
OpenStax College Physics 2e Student Solutions Manual Chapter 17 16. What sound intensity level in dB is produced by earphones that create an intensity of ? Solution 18. (a) What is the decibel level of a sound that is twice as intense as a 90.0-dB sound? (b) What is the decibel level of a sound that is one-fifth as intense as a 90.0-dB sound? Solution (a) From Table 17.3 , (b) Thus, 20. (a) How much more intense is a sound that has a level 17.0 dB higher than another? (b) If one sound has a level 23.0 dB less than another, what is the ratio of their intensities? Solution (a) One factor of 10 (10.0 dB) and one factor of 5 (7.0 dB) make an overall factor of 50.1 , i.e. (b) Two 10-decibel losses give two factors of , or a total factor of The remaining 3 decibels give an additional factor of . So the ratio is a factor of i.e. 22. If a large housefly 3.0 m away from you makes a noise of 40.0 dB, what is the noise level of 1000 flies at that distance, assuming interference has a negligible effect? Solution A factor of 1000 in intensity corresponds to an increase of 30.0 dB, i.e., . Thus,
OpenStax College Physics 2e Student Solutions Manual Chapter 17 24. The amplitude of a sound wave is measured in terms of its maximum gauge pressure. By what factor does the amplitude of a sound wave increase if the sound intensity level goes up by 40.0 dB? Solution The intensity is proportional to where is the amplitude. We know that 40 dB is equivalent to an increase of a factor of in intensity. 26. An 8-hour exposure to a sound intensity level of 90.0 dB may cause hearing damage. What energy in joules falls on a 0.800-cm-diameter eardrum so exposed? Solution 28. Sound is more effectively transmitted into a stethoscope by direct contact than through the air, and it is further intensified by being concentrated on the smaller area of the eardrum. It is reasonable to assume that sound is transmitted into a stethoscope 100 times as effectively compared with transmission though the air. What, then, is the gain in decibels produced by a stethoscope that has a sound gathering area of , and concentrates the sound onto two eardrums with a total area of with an efficiency of 40.0%? Solution 17.4 DOPPLER EFFECT AND SONIC BOOMS 30. (a) What frequency is received by a person watching an oncoming ambulance moving at 110 km/h and emitting a steady 800-Hz sound from its siren? The speed of sound on this day is 345 m/s. (b) What frequency does she receive after the ambulance has passed? Solution (a) Given
OpenStax College Physics 2e Student Solutions Manual Chapter 17 (b) 32. What frequency is received by a mouse just before being dispatched by a hawk flying at it at 25.0 m/s and emitting a screech of frequency 3500 Hz? Take the speed of sound to be 331 m/s. Solution 34. A commuter train blows its 200-Hz horn as it approaches a crossing. The speed of sound is 335 m/s. (a) An observer waiting at the crossing receives a frequency of 208 Hz. What is the speed of the train? (b) What frequency does the observer receive as the train moves away? Solution (a) (b) 36. Two eagles fly directly toward one another, the first at 15.0 m/s and the second at 20.0 m/s. Both screech, the first one emitting a frequency of 3200 Hz and the second one emitting a frequency of 3800 Hz. What frequencies do they receive if the speed of sound is 330 m/s? Solution The first eagle hears: The second eagle hears:
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help