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OpenStax College Physics 2e
Student Solutions Manual
Chapter 17
CHAPTER 17: PHYSICS OF HEARING
17.2 SPEED OF SOUND, FREQUENCY, AND WAVELENGTH
1.
When poked by a spear, an operatic soprano lets out a 1200-Hz shriek. What is its wavelength if the speed of sound is 345 m/s?
Solution
, so that 3.
Calculate the speed of sound on a day when a 1500 Hz frequency has a wavelength of 0.221 m.
Solution
5.
Show that the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, as claimed in the text.
Solution
7.
Dolphins make sounds in air and water. What is the ratio of the wavelength of a sound in air to its wavelength in seawater? Assume air temperature is .
Solution
We know (from Table 17.1
) and at from Problem 17.5
, since and , we know 9.
(a) If a submarine’s sonar can measure echo times with a precision of 0.0100 s, what is the smallest difference in distances it can detect? (Assume that the submarine is in the ocean, not in fresh water.) (b) Discuss the limits this time resolution imposes on the ability of the sonar system to detect the size and shape of
the object creating the echo.
Solution
(a) (b) This means that sonar is good for spotting and locating large objects, but it isn’t able to resolve smaller objects, or detect the detailed shapes of objects. Objects
like ships or large pieces of airplanes can be found by sonar, while smaller
OpenStax College Physics 2e
Student Solutions Manual
Chapter 17
pieces must be found by other means.
11.
Suppose a bat uses sound echoes to locate its insect prey, 3.00 m away. (See Figure 17.9
.) (a) Calculate the echo times for temperatures of and . (b) What percent uncertainty does this cause for the bat in locating the insect? (c) Discuss the significance of this uncertainty and whether it could cause difficulties for
the bat. (In practice, the bat continues to use sound as it closes in, eliminating most of any difficulties imposed by this and other effects, such as motion of the prey.)
Solution
(a)
(b) % uncertainty =
(c) This uncertainty could definitely cause difficulties for the bat, if it didn’t continue
to use sound as it closed in on its prey. A 5% uncertainty could be the difference
between catching the prey around the neck or around the chest, which means that it could miss grabbing its prey.
17.3 SOUND INTENSITY AND SOUND LEVEL
12.
What is the intensity in watts per meter squared of 85.0-dB sound?
Solution
14.
A sound wave traveling in air has a pressure amplitude of 0.5 Pa. What is the intensity of the wave?
Solution
OpenStax College Physics 2e
Student Solutions Manual
Chapter 17
16.
What sound intensity level in dB is produced by earphones that create an intensity of ?
Solution
18.
(a) What is the decibel level of a sound that is twice as intense as a 90.0-dB sound? (b) What is the decibel level of a sound that is one-fifth as intense as a 90.0-dB sound?
Solution
(a) From Table 17.3
, (b) Thus, 20.
(a) How much more intense is a sound that has a level 17.0 dB higher than another?
(b) If one sound has a level 23.0 dB less than another, what is the ratio of their intensities?
Solution
(a) One factor of 10 (10.0 dB) and one factor of 5 (7.0 dB) make an overall factor of 50.1
, i.e. (b) Two 10-decibel losses give two factors of , or a total factor of The remaining 3 decibels give an additional factor of . So the ratio is a factor of
i.e. 22.
If a large housefly 3.0 m away from you makes a noise of 40.0 dB, what is the noise level of 1000 flies at that distance, assuming interference has a negligible effect?
Solution
A factor of 1000 in intensity corresponds to an increase of 30.0 dB, i.e., . Thus,
OpenStax College Physics 2e
Student Solutions Manual
Chapter 17
24.
The amplitude of a sound wave is measured in terms of its maximum gauge pressure. By what factor does the amplitude of a sound wave increase if the sound intensity level goes up by 40.0 dB?
Solution
The intensity is proportional to
where is the amplitude. We know that 40 dB is equivalent to an increase of a factor of in intensity.
26.
An 8-hour exposure to a sound intensity level of 90.0 dB may cause hearing damage. What energy in joules falls on a 0.800-cm-diameter eardrum so exposed?
Solution
28.
Sound is more effectively transmitted into a stethoscope by direct contact than through the air, and it is further intensified by being concentrated on the smaller area of the eardrum. It is reasonable to assume that sound is transmitted into a stethoscope 100 times as effectively compared with transmission though the air. What, then, is the gain in decibels produced by a stethoscope that has a sound gathering area of , and concentrates the sound onto two eardrums with a total area of with an efficiency of 40.0%?
Solution
17.4 DOPPLER EFFECT AND SONIC BOOMS
30.
(a) What frequency is received by a person watching an oncoming ambulance moving at 110 km/h and emitting a steady 800-Hz sound from its siren? The speed of sound on this day is 345 m/s. (b) What frequency does she receive after the ambulance has passed?
Solution
(a) Given
OpenStax College Physics 2e
Student Solutions Manual
Chapter 17
(b) 32.
What frequency is received by a mouse just before being dispatched by a hawk flying at it at 25.0 m/s and emitting a screech of frequency 3500 Hz? Take the speed
of sound to be 331 m/s.
Solution
34.
A commuter train blows its 200-Hz horn as it approaches a crossing. The speed of sound is 335 m/s. (a) An observer waiting at the crossing receives a frequency of 208 Hz. What is the speed of the train? (b) What frequency does the observer receive as the train moves away?
Solution
(a)
(b) 36.
Two eagles fly directly toward one another, the first at 15.0 m/s and the second at 20.0 m/s. Both screech, the first one emitting a frequency of 3200 Hz and the second one emitting a frequency of 3800 Hz. What frequencies do they receive if the
speed of sound is 330 m/s?
Solution
The first eagle hears:
The second eagle hears:
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Related Questions
Direction: Show the complete solution for the following problems. Use a
clean sheet of paper in answering.
1. The hearing range of a normal human ear is from 20 to 20000 Hz. If
the speed of the sound in air is 340 m/s, what are the shortest and the
longest wavelengths that the human ear can hear?
2. If the speed of wave in passing from medium A to medium B doubles
while keeping the frequency constant, what happens to the
wavelength?
3. Suppose that two-point charges, each with a charge of +1.00 Coulomb
are separated by a distance of 1.00 meter. Determine the magnitude of
the electrical force of repulsion between them.
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Sound Wave 1 different from Sound Wave 2?
O A. Sound Wave 1 had a smaller amplitude than Sound Wave 2.
B. Sound Wave 1 had a shorter wavelength than Sound Wave 2.
C. Sound Wave 1 had a slower speed than Sound Wave 2.
D. Sound Wave 1 had a lower frequency than Sound Wave 2.
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Calculate the wavelength in air at 20 degrees C for sounds in the maximum range of human hearing. The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.
a.) Calculate the wavelength of a 20 Hz wave.
b.) Calculate the wavelength of a 20,000 Hz wave.
c.) What is the wavelength of a 22 MHz ultrasonic wave appropriate?
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In an attempt to find the frequency of a wave is drawn, the time base was
set to 5 ms per division and a trace of the waveform is as shown. What is
the frequency?
O A. 16.7 Hz
O B. 33.3 Hz
O C. 50.0 Hz
O D. 100 Hz
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Solve the following. Round off your answers to two decimal places.
You are approaching a stationary sound of 1000Hz at 35 m/s.
1.What is the frequency of the sound as you approach the source?
2.What is the frequency of the sound as you pass the source?
3.What is the change in frequency as you pass the source?
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What's the answer?
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PLEASE HELP FAST ON QUESTION 7 AND 8
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What is the frequency of a wave which has a period of57500 s?2.A.0.00001386 HzD.0.00001908 HzB.0.00001739 HzE.0.00001775 HzC.0.00002115 HzF.0.00001999 Hz
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ctory Applied Physics I: Section 4 (F21)
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Individual Exercises
estion 1
What is the speed of sound in air at at temperature of 25.3 degC?
Number
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The horn of a train has a frequency of250 Hz. If the train is moving away from you at18 m/s, then whatfrequency (in Hz) do you hear? Assume the speed of sound is343 m/s.4.A.282.8 HzD.237.5 HzB.187.1 HzE.222.4 HzC.184.0 HzF.278.9 Hz
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Suppose a wave has a frequency of 300 kHz. How long does one complete cycle take?
a. 1.3 second
b. 3.33 millisecond
c. 1/3000 second
d. 3.33 microsecond
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DEPTH OF SEAFLOOR. Sound was sent from a surface of an ocean by a
ship. After 5.33 s, the reflected sound was heard. What is the depth of the
seafloor? Take the speed of sound in seawater to be 1.50 km/s.
2.0 km.
4.0 km.
8.0 km.
9.0 km.
11 km.
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Question 5
Ultrasound with a frequency of 4070262 Hz can be used to produce images of the human body. If the speed of sound in
the body is the same as in saltwater, 4346 m/s, what is the length of a 4070262-Hz pressure wave in the body? No need to
include the unit. Write your answer in scientific notation. (1.11e+1)
Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
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Zearn Math: A Com.
1 6.1.4 Qulz Wave Interactions
Question 10 of 10
Which pair of waves could overlap to produce a wave with a higher amplitude
through interference?
A. Two waves of different amplitudes that are also different types of
waves
B. Two waves of different amplitudes with crests that overlap
troughs
C. Two waves of the same amplitude with crests that are perfectly
aligned
D. Two waves of the same amplitude with crests that overlap troughs
SUBMIT
E PREVIQUS
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Item 9
Learning Goal:
To learn the properties of logarithms and how to manipulate them when
solving sound problems.
The intensity of sound is the power of the sound waves divided by the area.
on which they are incident. Intensity is measured in watts per square meter,
or W/m².
The human ear can detect a remarkable range of sound intensities. The
quietest sound that we can hear has an intensity of 10-12 W/m², and we
begin to feel pain when the intensity reaches 1 W/m². Since the
intensities that matter to people in everyday life cover a range of 12 orders
of magnitude, intensities are usually converted to a logarithmic scale called
the sound intensity level 3, which is measured in decibels (dB). For a given
sound intensity I, B is found from the equation
B = (10 dB) log (1)
where Io = 1.0 × 10-12 W/m².
Part A
What is the value of log (1,000,000)?
Express your answer as an integer.
► View Available Hint(s)
The logarithm of x, written log(x), tells you the power to which you would raise…
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Dashboard / My courses / PHYS1211 / Section 12 - Mr. Maroof / Quiz 1-Section 12
Question 1
The diagram below represents a wave
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6.0 m
What is the speed of the wave if its frequency is 8.0 hertz?
O a. 3.2 m/s
O b. 48 m/s
O c 1.6 m/s
O d. 16 m/s
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1. The state highway patrol radar guns use a frequency of 9.05 GHz. If you're approaching a speed trap driving 31.3 m/s, what frequency shift will your FuzzFoiler 2000 radar detector see?
2. The radar gun measures the frequency of the radar pulse echoing off your car. By what percentage is the measured frequency different from the original frequency? (Enter a positive number for a frequency increase, negative for a decrease. Just enter a number, without a percent sign.)
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The highest frequency sound humans can hear is about 20,000 HzHz.
1. What is the wavelength of sound in air at this frequency?
2. What is the wavelength of the lowest sounds we can hear, about 20 HzHz?
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What is the range of frequencies that humans are capable of hearing?
a. 20 Hz to 20000 Hz
b. 20 Hz to 200000 Hz
C. 2 Hz to 2000 Hz
d. 2 Hz to 50000 Hz
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What does a frequency of 100 Hz indicate for a given wave?
A. One wavelength will pass by any given observation point every 100 seconds
B 100 wavelengths will pass any given observation point in one second
C. 100 wavelengths will pass any given observation point every 100 seconds
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1 6.4.2 Teat (CST): Waves
Question 1 of 13
A student rings a brass bell with a frequency of 100 Hz. The sound wave
travels through brass, air, and glass. What is the wavelength of the wave in
brass?
Wave speed
(m/s)
Medium
Brass
4,700
Air
346
Glass
5,640
A. 47 m
B. 4.7 m
C. 0.021 m
D. 0.21 m
PREVIOUS
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What I know
7. A fire truck is moving at a fairly high speed, with its siren emitting sound at a specific pitch. As the fire truck recedes from you which of the following characteristics of the sound wave from the siren will have a smaller measured value for you than for a fireman in the truck?
A. frequency and wavelength
B. frequency and intensity
C. wavelength and intensity
D. wavelength and speed
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Please answer both questions
For question 5 only answer part b and c
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10
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Which of the following statements are true?
Which one or more?
a.
The factors which affect speech intelligibility include noise, the available frequency range and peak clipping.
b.
Understanding speech requires signal to noise ratios greater than 12 dB.
c.
Transmission systems, such as telephone lines, generally pass the full range of speech frequencies.
d.
Continuous noise masks speech more than intermittent noise does.
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Answer 6-10. It is easy to answer all. Thanks
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6. You're trying to tune a piano. You sound a 440.0 Hz tone and you hear a 5.0 Hz beat frequency
when that tone is mixed with the sound of the piano key. What are the possible frequencies of
the piano key's sound?
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SOLVE STEP BY STEP IN DIGITAL FORMAT
14. Two planes move as shown in the figure. Calculate the frequency heard by the aviator of
airplane A, when:
DOPPLER EFFECT
a) Both approach in the same direction. b)
Both move away in different directions.
B.
1= 2000 Hz
V = 500 km/h
T= -12°C
16 = ?
V= 700 km/h
0
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1. The sound of a mosquito is produced when it beats its wings at an a
verage of 600 beats per second. What is the frequency of the sound waves? Assuming that the speed of sound is 343 m/s, what is the wavelength of the sound waves?
2. If a wave generator produces 10 pulses per second and the speed of the waves is 300 m/s, what is the wavelength of the waves? What happens to the wavelength if the frequency of the pulses is increased?
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