Newton's 2nd Law

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Northern Virginia Community College *

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100

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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doc

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2

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ma F net NEWTON’S SECOND LAW LAB Procedure (1) Attach the hook and flag to the cart and measure the mass of the cart/hook/flag system using the electronic scale. Measure the length of the flag. Mass of cart/hook/flag (M cart/hook/flag ) = 200 grams Mass of hanger (M hanger ) = 5 grams Length of flag (L) = 0.10 m (2) Turn the air up to its maximum level. (3) Adjust the track so that when you place the cart in the middle it does not tend to move. This lab will NOT work if the track is not level. (4) Attach the pulley to the track and connect a string with the mass holder hanging over the pulley. (5) Set up a photogate so that the cart can travel 40 cm without the hanging mass hitting the ground. (6) We will be adding an extra 225 grams into the system. Place 5 grams on the hanger and attach 110 grams on to each side of the cart. Use a 100 gram and 10-gram piece for one side, and then use a 50 gram and three 20 gram pieces for the other side. (M extra = 225 grams) (7) Place the center of the cart 40 cm away from the photogate. (8) Record the time for the flag to pass the gate and use this to calculate the velocity of the cart. (9) Using the motion equations , calculate the acceleration. (10) Transfer the 10gram mass to the hanger and repeat steps (7) through (9). (11) Transfer a 20 gram mass to the hanger and repeat steps (7) through (9). (12) Continue transferring 20 gram masses to the hanger and repeat steps (7) through (9). M hanging (m 1 ) t (s) V 0 (m/s) v f (m/s) a (m/s 2 ) 0.01 kg 0 0.02 kg 0 0.04 kg 0 0.06 kg 0 0.08 kg 0 M total = M cart/hook/flag + M extra + M hanger = M = 430 grams
(1) Draw a diagram showing the forces acting on each block and use Newton’s 2 nd Law to derive the equation for the acceleration of the blocks in terms of m 1 , g , and M total (2) Based on the pattern of values of the accelerations you obtained in this experiment, explain that Newton’s Second Law has been confirmed in this experiment. (3) If this experiment was done on the Moon , would the carts’ accelerations be equal to , greater than or less than the accelerations of the carts you determined in the table? Explain. (4) For each row of the table, calculate the tension forces in the string connecting the carts by applying Newton's Second Law and by showing the details of your steps. (5) Describe some real-life applications of Newton’s Second Law of motion. (6) A 30 Kg rock falls off from rest from a top of a cliff 126 m above the ground. The air resistance force on the rock is 90 N . Taking g =10 m/s 2 Calculate (A) the net force on the rock (B) the acceleration of the rock (C) the time the rock takes to strike the ground (D) the final velocity of the rock just before it strikes the ground
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