Conservation of Momentum

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Dec 6, 2023

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Cody Cox Conservation of Momentum PHYS – 1101 – 022 October 23 rd , 2023 Melvin Parrish

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to examine momentum and energy in collisions. Equipment: • Dynamics Cart Track • Two PASCO Wireless Smart Carts • Two Bar Masses Procedure: To begin this experiment, we first went and got the two PASCO carts needed for the experiment. We then set up the PASCO capstone and connected both carts. The graph on PASCO needs to have velocity in meters per second on the y-axis and time in seconds on the x- axis. Next, we started with inelastic collisions with equal mass and made sure the Velcro on the carts were facing each other for each of the five methods. For method A, we placed one cart in the middle of the track and the other cart at the end. To collect the data, we push the cart on the end towards the cart in the middle of the track. We recorded the velocity for both carts before the collision and then recorded the velocity after the collision. The velocity after the collision should be the same since the Velcro made the carts stick together. We ran this method a total of three times and collected data each time. For method B we started both carts on the same end of the track and gave the front cart a slow push and then gave the second cart a faster push, so it

could catch the first cart about the middle of the track. Once again, we recorded the velocities before and after the collision for three trials. For method C, we added five hundred grams to one of the carts and placed it at the end of the track, with the other cart in the middle of the track. We gave the cart with added mass a push towards the middle and recorded the velocity before and after the collision for three trials. Method D also has a cart with the added mass. We placed both carts at one end of the track with the cart with no added mass in front of the other. We gave the cart with no mass a slow push and the cart with mass a fast push and ran three trials, collecting the velocity before and after the collision for each trial. To collect data for method E, we placed the carts on opposite sides of the track with no added mass. We gave each cart an equal push so they would crash into each other around the middle of the track. Once again, we recorded the velocity of each cart before and after the collision for three trials. Next, we began the experiment for elastic solutions, which means instead of the Velcro of the carts facing each other, the bumpers face each other. Methods A and B are run the same way as before with no added mass. Run each method three times and collect the data for both carts velocities before and after the collision. For methods C, D, and E we add five hundred grams to one of the carts. We ran each method three times and recorded the velocity before and after the collision. Method C needs to have the cart with added mass placed in the center of the track and the cart with no mass at one of the ends, making sure the bumpers are facing each other. Push the cart with no mass towards the cart with mass. Method D needs the carts to stop at opposite ends of the track and pushed at

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about the same velocity towards each other. Method E needs the carts to be placed at the same end of the track with the cart with added mass in front of the other. Push the cart with mass slowly, then push the other cart a little faster. After recording the data, we then calculated the momentum and the percent difference between the total momentum before and after colliding. Equations: 1. P = m*v 2. P 𝑇?𝑇𝐴𝐿 = (m 1 v 1 ) + (m 2 v 2 ) 3. P 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = (m 1 +m 2 ) * V 𝑓 4. % Difference = | ? ? − ? ? ( 𝑃 ? +𝑃 ? 2 ) | * 100 Calculations: 1. P: 162.60 = 271 * 0.60 2. P 𝑇?𝑇𝐴𝐿 : 184.28 = (271*0.68) + (271*0.00) 3. P 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 : 184.28 = (271 + 271) * 0.34 4. % Difference: 0.00% = | 184.28−184.28 ( 184.28+184.28 2 ) | * 100

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Questions and Answers: Q: When two carts moving toward each other have the same mass and the same speed, they stop when they collide and stick together. What happens to each cart’s momentu m? Is momentum conserved? Explain. A: Both carts' momentum goes into each other. Only the total momentum is conserved, which is why the momentum before and after the collision is relatively the same. Q: Kinetic energy is not conserved in inelastic collisions. For one of the collisions, calculate the percentage of the kinetic energy that is lost in the collision. Where does this energy go? A: For one collision, 22.62% of kinetic energy was lost. The energy that was lost was put into the cart that got pushed by the other. Conclusion: This experiment is used to examine the conservation of momentum in inelastic and elastic collisions. Inelastic collisions do not conserve energy while elastic collisions do. In this experiment, one error would be that the track was not as level as it could be. Another error is the friction of the track is not accounted for. Lastly, the computer sometimes gave data that did not seem accurate, or it gave a negative number when it should have been positive.

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