Lab7_Projectile_Motion(1)

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Eastern Kentucky University *

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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PHY 101 Lab 7: Projectile Motion Activity 1 Data Table 1 Tria l Sphere θ a = 0.71 (9.8)sin θ v x = √ 2 a∆ x t = √ 2 h g Calculate d Distance x = v x t (meters) Actual distance (meters) Percent error 1 Metal 30° -6.87 m/s² -17.60 m/s 2.56 s -45.06 m -44.80 m 0.58% 2 Acrylic 30° -6.87 m/s² -17.60 m/s 2.56 s -45.06 m -44.80 m 0.58% 3 Metal +5° -6.67 m/s² -9.87 m/s 1.48 s -14.61 m -14.40 m 1.46% 4 Acrylic +5° -6.67 m/s² -9.87 m/s 1.48 s -14.61 m -14.40 m 1.46% 5 Metal +10° -3.79 m/s² -3.71 m/s 0.98 s -3.65 m -3.60 m 1.39% 6 Acrylic +10° -3.79 m/s² -3.71 m/s 0.98 s -3.65 m -3.60 m 1.39% 1. Did the sphere in the experiment always land exactly where predicted? If not, why was there a difference between the distance calculated and the distance measured? In most cases, the sphere did not land exactly where predicted. There is often a difference between the distance calculated and the distance measured due to various factors like air resistance, imperfections in the rolling surface, and slight variations in the angle and acceleration. Additionally, the theoretical calculations assume idealized conditions that may not perfectly match real-world situations. 2. Why is it important to use the grooved ruler to ensure that the sphere leaves the table in a horizontal direction? Using the grooved ruler is important because it helps ensure that the sphere leaves the table with a horizontal velocity. Without the grooved ruler, there might be lateral (sideways) motion or uneven rolling, which could affect the horizontal direction. The grooved ruler helps guide the sphere, ensuring that it starts with a consistent horizontal velocity, which is essential for accurate predictions and comparisons. 3. If the same experiment were performed on the moon, what would be different? Several differences would occur if the experiment were conducted on the Moon:

 The gravitational acceleration on the Moon is about 1/6th of that on Earth (approximately 1.62 m/s²). This lower acceleration would affect the time of flight, acceleration, and horizontal velocity of the sphere.  With the lower gravitational acceleration, the sphere would stay in the air longer and travel farther horizontally before hitting the lunar surface.  Air resistance is negligible on the Moon, so that factor would not affect the experiment.  The angle of the incline and the materials used for the sphere and surfaces would still matter, but their effects would be adjusted according to the lunar conditions. 4. What is different about the vertical component of the sphere’s velocity and the horizontal component of the sphere’s velocity once the sphere leaves the table? Once the sphere leaves the table, the vertical component of its velocity is influenced by the force of gravity, and it accelerates downward at a constant rate (assuming no air resistance). This vertical velocity component increases as it falls. In contrast, the horizontal component of its velocity remains relatively constant because there are no horizontal forces acting on it (assuming no air resistance or horizontal forces). Thus, the horizontal component of velocity remains nearly the same throughout the horizontal motion. 5. If the same experiment were repeated with the same angles, but from a taller table, how would the results change? If the experiment were conducted from a taller table (assuming all other factors remain constant), several changes would occur:  The sphere would have more time to accelerate as it rolls down the incline, which would result in a higher horizontal velocity when it leaves the table.  The time of flight would be longer because the sphere would fall from a greater height, and it would hit the floor farther away from the table.  The actual distance traveled by the sphere on the floor would be greater than in the previous trials, assuming other factors like angle and acceleration remain unchanged.

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