Lab#3

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Arizona Western College *

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab #3: Light and the Properties of Waves Objectives: Practice making careful measurements Describe the relation between two variables in terms of one or the other Understand the properties of a wave (wavelength and frequency) and how they relate to each other as well as the energy of a wave Name: Betsy A. Lab partner(s): Date:2.26.24 WARNING • This lab uses a ruler that is difficult to read, but has FIVE (5) spaces between major number marks rather than FOUR (4): • That means that each minor number mark is not 0.25, but 0.2! • To make this a bit easier (and because I really don’t want
to spend my time taking points off for little mistakes), here is a reference for what sort of numbers you should use for each mark: • Warning #2: please round your answers. If you get something like 0.998234, that’s approximately 1. If you get 0.33289 that’s basically .333 which is approximately 1/3. I picked the numbers of this lab carefully to make these kinds of rounding easy. Part 1: Set up the simulation For this lab we are going to use the following simulation: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/wave-on-a-string/latest/wave-on- a-string_en.html • FIRST: Hit the Pause button. Then select “No End” in the upper right and “Oscillate” in the upper left. Then select the Slow Motion option • NEXT, drag the Damping slider to None and drag the Tension slider to High. (The behavior of a wave depends on the medium, or material, it moves through. This lab also works for waves on a string or rope, but we will think almost exclusively about waves of light traveling in space, where there is no medium, so neither Damping nor Tension matter.) • NOW, turn on the Rulers in the lower right. You can click and drag to move these around. • FINALLY, hit Play and observe. 1. (0.5 pt) The simulation begins with a Frequency of 1.5 Hz or hertz. What is the definition of this unit? is the unit of frequency in the International system of Units is defined as one cycle per second.
2. (0.5 pt) Frequency is how often or how frequently part of the wave repeats. What part of the simulation frequently reoccurs in a way we can measure? NOTE: not the frequency setting on the bottom; a physical part of the scene you are looking at: The part of the simulation that frequently reoccurs in a way we can measure is the wave's peak or crest. 3. (0.5 pt) The simulation begins with an Amplitude of 0.75 cm or centimeters. What is a centimeter in inches? You may search the internet for this answer: 1 cm = 0.393701 inches 4. (0.5 pt)How many inches is 0.75 cm? 0.75 cm = 0.295 inches 5. (1 pt) What part of the wave demonstrates the wave’s Amplitude? NOTE: not the setting at the bottom: The part of the wave that demonstrates the wave's amplitude is the distance from the equilibrium or rest position to the maximum or minimum point of the wave. 6. (0.5 pt) The third important part of a wave is its Wavelength, which is also measured in centimeters. What is the definition of wavelength? The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that is in the same phase. This could be the distance between two peaks, two troughs, or two corresponding wave points. Part 2: Observe 7. (3 points) Align the vertical ruler with one of the green dots. Change the frequency to 2.0 Hz and Wait at least 15 seconds, until the wave has adjusted to this new frequency. Then click the checkmark to open up the timer. Watch the green dot go up and down several times. Your job is to measure, using the timer, how much time it takes for the green dot to go from the bottom to the top and back again to the bottom 10 times. That’s up and then down ten times. Time for 10 repeats: 120 seconds --You can think of the green dot as a duck floating on a water wave—it moves up and down, but not along with the wave. Each time, it reaches its highest point when the wave’s peak reaches it. By measuring how many times it goes up and down, you’ve measured how often the wave’s peak has arrived at that point you’ve set up. 8. (3 points) Adjust the frequency to 1.0 Hz and Wait at least 15 seconds, until the wave has adjusted to this new frequency. Then use the timer to measure how long it takes a wave with this frequency to go up and down ten times. Time for 10 repeats: ______________seconds 9. (1 pts) Divide your 10-repeat time for Q7 by 10.0 to answer the following questio n. A frequency of 2.0 Hz means a wave peak arrives at the green dot every 1 second(s). 10. (1 pts) Do the same for your 10-repeat time for Q8: A frequency of 1.0 Hz means a wave peak arrives at the green dot every 10 second(s) 11. (0.5) Another way to phrase this is: A frequency of 2.0 Hz Means 2 wave peaks arrive in 1 second
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