Lab05-NewtonsLaws-LabExploration-InPerson

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University of Florida *

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112

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab 5: Interacting Bodies Physics 112 Lab Partner s Names: Copyright 2005 by S.E. Kanim, M.E. Loverude, & L.G. Ortiz 1 1. Introduction In this laboratory, you will examine situations in which two bodies are interacting as they move in simple ways. Newton’s second and third laws are some of the most difficult and widely misunderstood topics in introductory physics. Many students are able to recall one or more statements of these laws, but applying the laws to physical situations proves more difficult than most students and instructors might expect. The intuition that many students develop watching objects in the real world often fails. For example, we all learn at a very early age that you must push on something to make it move. Many students generalize this experience and infer a direct relationship between force and velocity. However, Newton’s second law relates force to acceleration rather than to velocity. Similarly, Newton’s third law states that the forces of interaction between two bodies are equal. That’s easy enough to accept when the bodies are at rest, and have the same mass, but can be confusing in real world situations, for example when a heavy truck moving at 60 mph smashes into a small car parked by the curb. In order to understand this situation, it is important to be clear on the definitions and differences between normal force, net force, and acceleration. Equipment This lab combines a number of pieces of equipment and sensors that you have used before, including force probes, which connect to your computer wirelessly. Generally, you will need to: Launch the capstone software Connect the force probe wirelessly and make sure capstone “sees” it Choose an appropriate display as described in each section below Consult your instructor if you have difficulties.
Lab: Interacting Bodies Physics 112 Copyright 2005 by S.E. Kanim, M.E. Loverude, & L.G. Ortiz 2 2. Interacting objects: constant speed In this section, you will perform an analysis of the forces acting when two bodies move together. You will be using two wooden sliding carts with force probes attached as shown below. The masses of the carts are written on the carts. The mass of a force probe is 200g (= 0.2 kg). One of the carts should include an additional 500-gram mass. We will call the more massive system (consisting of the wooden cart, force probe, and 500-g mass) on the left cart A and the less massive system (consisting of the wooden cart and force probe) on the right cart B . 2.1: Determine the total mass of each cart that you will be using for this experiment. Record these mass values in the boxes provided. Push the carts horizontally so that they move to the right at constant speed. Note that there is friction between the carts and the track. 2.2: Compare the net force (magnitude and direction) on system A to that on system B while they are moving at constant speed. Explain how you arrived at your comparison. 2.3: Draw separate free-body diagrams for system A and system B. Label each of the forces in your diagrams by identifying: the type of force, the object on which the force is exerted, and the object exerting the force. Include a key for your labels to the right of the diagrams if necessary. 2.4: Would you expect the magnitude of the force exerted on system A by system B to be greater than, less than, or equal to the magnitude of the force exerted on system B by system A? Explain.
Lab: Interacting Bodies Physics 112 Copyright 2005 by S.E. Kanim, M.E. Loverude, & L.G. Ortiz 3 Newton’s Third Law is an expression of the idea that force is an interaction whenever object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts a force on object A that has the same magnitude, but is opposite in direction. These two forces are of the same type (normal, gravitational, magnetic, etc.) and are known as a Newton’s third law force pair. 2.5: Identify any Newton’s third law force pairs in your diagrams by circling each member of the pair . Write out the two forces in the space below. What feature of the labeling convention F on,by introduced in the previous lab might be used to identify the force pair(s)? Check your answer with an instructor. 3. Experimental analysis of interacting bodies moving with constant speed In this section, you will perform an experimental study of the situation that you considered above. Wirelessly connect the force probes to the capstone software and create a display with two digits displays (one for each probe). Zero the force probes before making any measurements. 3.1: With the software recording, push on both force probes with your finger so that you can identify which probe corresponds to which recording display. 3.2: Push horizontally so that the carts move along the track to the right at constant speed once the carts are moving with constant speed start recording the data. Record the values for the measured forces. Which of the forces from your free-body diagram on page 2 does the force recorded by probe A correspond to? Which of the forces from your free-body diagram on page 2 does the force recorded by probe B correspond to? Are the values you obtained from the two force probes consistent with your predictions on page 2? If not, resolve any differences between your predications and observations.
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