Lab05-NewtonsLaws-LabExploration-InPerson
.pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of Florida *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
112
Subject
Physics
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
8
Uploaded by ProfessorFlamingo3619
Lab 5: Interacting Bodies
Physics 112
Lab Partner
’
s Names:
Copyright 2005 by S.E. Kanim, M.E. Loverude, & L.G. Ortiz
1
1.
Introduction
In this laboratory, you will examine situations in which two bodies are interacting as they move in
simple ways.
Newton’s second and third laws are some of the most difficult and widely
misunderstood topics in introductory physics.
Many students are able to recall one or more
statements of these laws, but applying the laws to physical situations proves more difficult than
most students and instructors might expect.
The intuition that many students develop watching objects in the real world often fails.
For
example, we all learn at a very early age that you must push on something to make it move.
Many
students generalize this experience and infer a direct relationship between force and velocity.
However, Newton’s second law relates force to
acceleration
rather than to velocity.
Similarly,
Newton’s third law states that the forces of interaction between two bodies are equal.
That’s easy
enough to accept when the bodies are at rest, and have the same mass, but can be confusing in real
world situations, for example when a heavy truck moving at 60 mph smashes into a small car parked
by the curb. In order to understand this situation, it is important to be clear on the definitions and
differences between normal force, net force, and acceleration.
Equipment
This lab combines a number of pieces of equipment and sensors that you have used before,
including force probes, which connect to your computer wirelessly.
Generally, you will need to:
•
Launch the capstone software
•
Connect the force probe wirelessly and make sure capstone “sees” it
•
Choose an appropriate display as described in each section below
Consult your instructor if you have difficulties.
Lab: Interacting Bodies
Physics 112
Copyright 2005 by S.E. Kanim, M.E. Loverude, & L.G. Ortiz
2
2.
Interacting objects:
constant speed
In this section, you will perform an analysis of the forces acting when two bodies move together.
You will be using two wooden sliding carts with force probes attached as shown below. The
masses of the carts are written on the carts. The mass of a force probe is 200g (= 0.2 kg). One of
the carts should include an additional 500-gram mass. We will call the more massive system
(consisting of the wooden cart, force probe, and 500-g mass) on the left
cart A
and the less
massive system (consisting of the wooden cart and force probe) on the right
cart B
.
2.1:
Determine the total mass of each cart that you will be using
for this experiment. Record these mass values in the boxes
provided.
Push the carts horizontally so that they move to the
right at
constant speed.
Note that there is friction
between the carts and the track.
2.2:
Compare the
net force
(magnitude and direction) on system A to that on system B while they are
moving at constant speed.
Explain how you arrived at your comparison.
2.3:
Draw separate free-body diagrams for system A and system B.
Label each of the forces in your
diagrams by identifying:
the type of force, the object on which the force is exerted, and the object
exerting the force. Include a key for your labels to the right of the diagrams if necessary.
2.4:
Would you expect the magnitude of the force exerted on system A by system B to be
greater
than, less than,
or
equal to
the magnitude of the force exerted on system B by system A?
Explain.
Lab: Interacting Bodies
Physics 112
Copyright 2005 by S.E. Kanim, M.E. Loverude, & L.G. Ortiz
3
Newton’s Third Law
is an expression of the idea that force is an interaction
–
whenever object A exerts
a force on object B, object B exerts a force on object A that has the same magnitude, but is opposite in
direction.
These two forces are of the same type (normal, gravitational, magnetic, etc.) and are known
as a Newton’s third law force pair.
2.5:
Identify any Newton’s third law force pairs in your diagrams by
circling each member of the pair
.
Write out the two forces in the space below.
What feature of the labeling convention F
on,by
introduced in the previous lab might be used to
identify the force pair(s)?
Check your answer with an instructor.
3.
Experimental analysis of interacting bodies moving with constant speed
In this section, you will perform an experimental study of the situation that you considered above.
Wirelessly connect the force probes to the capstone software and create a display with two
“
digits
”
displays (one for each probe).
Zero the force probes before making any measurements.
3.1:
With the software recording, push on both
force probes with your finger so that you
can identify which probe corresponds to
which recording display.
3.2:
Push horizontally so that the carts move along the track to the right at
constant
speed
–
once the
carts are moving with constant speed start recording the data.
Record the values for the measured
forces.
Which of the forces from your free-body diagram on page 2 does the force recorded by probe A
correspond to?
Which of the forces from your free-body diagram on page 2 does the force recorded by probe B
correspond to?
Are the values you obtained from the two force probes consistent with your predictions on page
2?
If not, resolve any differences between your predications and observations.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
1. The International Space Station has a mass of approximately 370,000 kg.
a. What is the force on a 130 kg suited astronaut if she is 22 m from the
center of mass of the station?
b. How accurate do you think your answer would be?
arrow_forward
In a loop-de-loop ride at the fair a 200 Newton child experience as a 100 Newton apparent weight at the top of the loop. The diameter of the ride is 12 m.
a. How fast is the child traveling at the top of the ride?
b. Neglecting friction how fast is the child traveling at the bottom of the ride.
c. what is the child's parent wait at the bottom of the ride
d. In the reference frame of the child are they accelerating? What role does a child's inertia force play?
arrow_forward
During this pandemic, Timothy's father asked an engineer to survey the field behind their house. He wanted to plant some orange and tangerine trees there. According to the survey, the field is thirty-two feet long and six yards wide. What is the perimeter of the field in feet?
a. 100
b. 50
c. 576
d. 192
arrow_forward
7. Which of the following is the condition for the
three-force theorem in mechanics?
a. The force system should be in equilibrium only
b. The force systems should be non-coplanar
c. The system should be co-planar, parallel
d. The force system should be in equilibrium,
co-planar, concurrent, or parallel
8. Which of the following is the SI unit of force?
a. Kg m
b. Kg m2
c. Kg m2 /s
d. Kg m/s2
arrow_forward
4. A student feels a gravity force of 800 N from the Earth when they're sitting in this classroom.
a. How big is the gravity force that the Earth feels because of the student? Explain.
b. Two students discuss part a)
Student 1: "The Earth is much heavier than the student, so its gravity must pull harder on the student than
the student's gravity pulls on the Earth. The gravity force the Earth feels must be less than 800 N."
Student 2: "That might be true, but I think that same 800 N would have less of an effect on the Earth than
it would on a person. Using a = F/m, the acceleration the Earth feels might be very small from an 800 N
force, because Earth is so heavy."
Which of these students, if any, do you agree with? Justify your response with words and/or equations.
arrow_forward
Newton's 2nd Law Problems (with Kinematics)
1. A hockey puck with mass 0.160kg is at rest at the origin on the horizontal, frictionless surface
of the rink. At t = 0, a player applies a force of 0.250N to the puck parallel to the surface. He
continues to apply the force until t = 2.00s. What are the position and speed of the puck at t =
2.00?
arrow_forward
1. A newborn baby’s brain grows rapidly.In fact, it has been found to increase in mass by about 1.6 mgper minute. (a) How much does the brain’s weight increase in one day? (b) How long does it take for the brain’s weight to increase by 0.15 N? Graph and Explain.
arrow_forward
Q2) State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false statements
(answer ten points only)
1. The dynamic means the study of the motion of particles and bodies without taking into account the
factors that cause this motion.
2. Calculations in dynamics involve mass and force.
3. The velocity is a scalar quantity.
4. The displacement is a vector quantity.
5. The speedometer in a car measures the speed, which is a vector quantity.
6. A position-time graph is a useful tool for analyzing the friction of bodies.
7. The instantaneous velocity can be calculated graphically from the time-position graph by finding
the slope of the line between two points on this graph.
8. The average and instantaneous acceleration can be estimated graphically from the time-position
graph.
9. The free-body diagram shows all the internal forces that exerted on an object.
10. Friction acts to resist the motion of the object when two objects are in not contact.
11. The static…
arrow_forward
Arriving on a newly discovered planet, the captain of a spaceship performed the following experiment
to calculate the gravitational acceleration for the planet: She placed masses of 100 g and 200 g on an
Atwood device made of massless string and a frictionless pulley and measured that it took 1.5
seconds for each mass to travel 1 m from rest.
16. What is the gravitational acceleration for the planet?
a. 2.867 m/s2
c. 2.967 m/s2
b. 2.767 m/s2
d. 2.667 m/s2
arrow_forward
799 @
50
Done Verification of Newtons Second ...
Fall -2020-201
Dr.Baiju Dayanandan
University of Nizwa
Department of Physics
General Physics -I
Analysis Questions
1. Qualitatively, what effect did your object's or system's mass have on its acceleration? Support
your answer with data.
2. Qualitatively, what was the effect on your object's or system's acceleration as the net force
acting on it increased? Support your answer with data.
3. Two different carts are accelerated by a net force. The graph shows their respective
accelerations as a function of this net force. What can you conclude about the mass of cart A
compared to the mass of cart B? How do you know?
Acceleration of two objects
300
100
Force (N)
200
Fall -2020-201
Dr.Baiju Dayanandan
arrow_forward
Provide detailed explanations and real-life applications. When rain falls from the sky, what happens to its momentum as it hits the ground? Is your answer also valid for Newton’s famous apple legend? Your answers should be at least 10 sentences.
arrow_forward
Physical quantities are classified as either vectors or scalars. Classify the following terms as either vectors or scalars:
Force ii. Mass iii. Temperature iv. Velocity
v. Momentum vi. Time
arrow_forward
3. Which of the following quantities are physically "equal" in Newtonian mechanics?
a. Energy and Powerb. Power and Workc. Work and energyd. Mass and energye. Mass and accelerationf. None of the above.
4. Mechanical energy is conserved in which of the following systems?
a. A ball freely falling from a tower on a windy dayb. Two colliding trucks on a frictionless roadc. A ball freely falling in a vacuum chamberd. A spring loaded with a toy sliding through some rough surfacee. Only the 1st and 3rd optionsf. Only the 2nd and 4th optionsg. All of the above
arrow_forward
Which one of the following groups contains only vector quantities?
1.acceleration, force, distance, energy
2.force, momentum, displacement, velocity
3.volume,speed,energy,distance
4.area, volume, speed, weight
arrow_forward
A 10 kilogram object suspended from the end of a vertically hanging spring stretches the spring 9.8 centimeters. At time t 0, the resulting
mass-spring system is disturbed from its rest state by the force F(t) = 170 cos(81). The force F(1) is expressed in Newtons and is positive in the
downward direction, and time is measured in seconds.
a. Determine the spring constant k.
k = Newtons / meter
b. Formulate the initial value problem for y(t), where y() is the displacement of the object from its equilibrium rest state, measured positive in the
downward direction. (Give your answer in terms of y, y'.y". t)
Differential equation:|
help (equations)
Initial conditions: y(0)
and y'(0) =
help (numbers)
c. Solve the initial value problem for y(1).
y(t) =help (formulas)
d. Plot the solution and determine the maximum excursion from equilibrium made by the object on the time interval 0 st< o. If there is no such
maximum, enter NONE.
maximum excursion =
meters help (numbers)
arrow_forward
Please help me answer this question and show complete solutions. Dynamics of Rigid bodies
I. Kinematics of Particles
1. During a test, a rocket travels upward at 75 m/s and when it is 40 m from the ground, its engine fails. Determine the maximum height reached by the rocket and its speed just before it hits the ground. While in motion the rocket is subjected to a constant downward acceleration of 9.81 m/s2 due to gravity. Neglect the effect of air resistance.
arrow_forward
In this problem you will measure the gravitational constant in a series of “observational experiments,” making use of Newton’s law of gravitation and second law of motion as well as Kepler’s third law of planetary motion
Part (a) Newton measured the centripetal acceleration of the moon in its orbit around Earth by comparing the force Earth exerts on the moon with the force Earth exerts on an apple. He obtained a value of ac = 2.72×10-3 m/s2. If Newton had taken the mass of Earth to be ME = 6.01×1024 kg and the mean distance between the centers of Earth and the moon to be RME = 3.85×108 m, what value would he have obtained for the gravitational constant, in units of N⋅m2/kg2?
G = 6.685 * 10( - 11 )G = 6.685E-11 ✔ Correct!
Part (b) Since measuring the centripetal acceleration of an orbiting body is rather difficult, an alternative approach is to use the body’s rotational period instead. Enter an expression for the gravitational constant, in terms of the distance…
arrow_forward
Apply in Real Life
A roller coaster, a modern invention that uses the laws of motion to thrilling ends, is one of the use of Newton’s Laws of Motion. Roller coasters, with their twists, turns, and loops seem to defy everything we know about how people and objects move. Roller coaster designers, however, simply use Newton’s laws to push people past their usual limits. With your knowledge about Newton’s Second Law of Motion, how is this law applied in the design of roller coaster?
arrow_forward
Science 24: Module 4
Assignment Booklet 4B
For questions 17 to 21, read each question carefully. Decide which of the choices
BEST answers the question. Place your answer in the blank space given.
17. Two vehicles with the same mass and travelling the same speed in
opposite directions hit head on, What is the total momentum immediately
after the collision?
A. zero
B. double that of each car
C. one half that of each car
D. four times that of each car
Use the following diagram to answer questions 18 and 19.
Car A
Car B
18. If Car A has a greater momentum than Car B, what will happen to both
vehicles immediately after they collide?
A. They will travel to the right.
B. They will travel to the left.
C. They will stop immediately.
D. It cannot be determined from this information.
19. If both cars are travelling the same speed and Car B has a greater mass,
what will happen to both vehicles after they collide?
A. They will travel to the right.
B. They will travel to the left.
C. They will stop…
arrow_forward
Problem 1) Elon Musk has personally chosen you to travel to the newly discovered planet ice planet Hoth. Before
leaving on your mission, you measure your Earth weight to be 742 N. When you land on Hoth, you weigh yourself
again and find your Hoth weight to be 924 N.
Part A
What is the acceleration due to gravity on Hoth?
Problem 1 Continued) To travel on Hoth, you will "water ski" along its flat liquid methane lakes by having a
drone pull you with a rope. When the drone pulls on you via the rope with a force of magnitude 922 N at an angle of
17.0° above the horizontal, you accelerate forward at 3.14 m/s2. While you are moving, you can assume that there
is a force of kinetic friction between your skis and the surface of the liquid methane lake. You can also assume that
your skis maintain contact with the surface of the liquid methane lake for the entirety of your motion.
Part B
Draw a complete free body diagram of you when you are "water skiing" along the flat liquid
methane lake. Label…
arrow_forward
1. The dynamic means the study of the motion of particles and bodies without taking into account the
factors that cause this motion.
2. Calculations in dynamics involve mass and force.
3. The velocity is a scalar quantity.
4. The displacement is a vector quantity.
5. The speedometer in a car measures the speed, which is a vector quantity.
6. A position-time graph is a useful tool for analyzing the friction of bodies.
7. The instantaneous velocity can be calculated graphically from the time-position graph by finding
the slope of the line between two points on this graph.
8. The average and instantaneous acceleration can be estimated graphically from the time-position
graph.
9. The free-body diagram shows all the internal forces that exerted on an object.
10. Frietion acts to resist the motion of the object when two objects are in not contact.
11. The static friction is proportional to normal force only
12. The normal force is available when two objects in direct contact
arrow_forward
1.Explain in your own words about how gravitational force works between two isolated objects and use this understanding to explain how a satellite can remain at the same place above the surface of the rotating earth.2. In an experiment to study Hooke’s law for solid material, the extension for three different wires A, B and C were obtained for various applied force as shown in TABLE Q3b.a.Consider all the extensions were within the elastic limit. Draw graph of extension against force for each wire and use it to identify which of the wires requires the most work done to extend to 3.8 mm.b.Determine the elastic modulus of each wire and arrange them according to their stiffnesses.
arrow_forward
This is NOT graded
This picture has 3 questions. Please solve and explain question number 1
arrow_forward
Consider two identical spheres of mass m and radius r. The spheres rest against each other as shown below and experience an attraction of Fg. Which of the following changes would cause Fg to decrease by the greatest amount assuming the other variable remains unchanged?
A.Doubling m
B.Halving r
C.Halving m
D.Doubling r
arrow_forward
v: Consider the following equation:
GMm
F
(1)
R2
a) Define the parameters in Equation 1.
b) What does Equation 1 mean?
c) Combine Equation 1 and Newton's second law of motion. What does the result tell you?
arrow_forward
a.) Calculate the gravitational force exerted on earth by the moon.
b.) Calculate the gravitational force exerted on earth by the sun.
c.) What is the Net gravitational force exerted on the earth.
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- 1. The International Space Station has a mass of approximately 370,000 kg. a. What is the force on a 130 kg suited astronaut if she is 22 m from the center of mass of the station? b. How accurate do you think your answer would be?arrow_forwardIn a loop-de-loop ride at the fair a 200 Newton child experience as a 100 Newton apparent weight at the top of the loop. The diameter of the ride is 12 m. a. How fast is the child traveling at the top of the ride? b. Neglecting friction how fast is the child traveling at the bottom of the ride. c. what is the child's parent wait at the bottom of the ride d. In the reference frame of the child are they accelerating? What role does a child's inertia force play?arrow_forwardDuring this pandemic, Timothy's father asked an engineer to survey the field behind their house. He wanted to plant some orange and tangerine trees there. According to the survey, the field is thirty-two feet long and six yards wide. What is the perimeter of the field in feet? a. 100 b. 50 c. 576 d. 192arrow_forward
- 7. Which of the following is the condition for the three-force theorem in mechanics? a. The force system should be in equilibrium only b. The force systems should be non-coplanar c. The system should be co-planar, parallel d. The force system should be in equilibrium, co-planar, concurrent, or parallel 8. Which of the following is the SI unit of force? a. Kg m b. Kg m2 c. Kg m2 /s d. Kg m/s2arrow_forward4. A student feels a gravity force of 800 N from the Earth when they're sitting in this classroom. a. How big is the gravity force that the Earth feels because of the student? Explain. b. Two students discuss part a) Student 1: "The Earth is much heavier than the student, so its gravity must pull harder on the student than the student's gravity pulls on the Earth. The gravity force the Earth feels must be less than 800 N." Student 2: "That might be true, but I think that same 800 N would have less of an effect on the Earth than it would on a person. Using a = F/m, the acceleration the Earth feels might be very small from an 800 N force, because Earth is so heavy." Which of these students, if any, do you agree with? Justify your response with words and/or equations.arrow_forwardNewton's 2nd Law Problems (with Kinematics) 1. A hockey puck with mass 0.160kg is at rest at the origin on the horizontal, frictionless surface of the rink. At t = 0, a player applies a force of 0.250N to the puck parallel to the surface. He continues to apply the force until t = 2.00s. What are the position and speed of the puck at t = 2.00?arrow_forward
- 1. A newborn baby’s brain grows rapidly.In fact, it has been found to increase in mass by about 1.6 mgper minute. (a) How much does the brain’s weight increase in one day? (b) How long does it take for the brain’s weight to increase by 0.15 N? Graph and Explain.arrow_forwardQ2) State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false statements (answer ten points only) 1. The dynamic means the study of the motion of particles and bodies without taking into account the factors that cause this motion. 2. Calculations in dynamics involve mass and force. 3. The velocity is a scalar quantity. 4. The displacement is a vector quantity. 5. The speedometer in a car measures the speed, which is a vector quantity. 6. A position-time graph is a useful tool for analyzing the friction of bodies. 7. The instantaneous velocity can be calculated graphically from the time-position graph by finding the slope of the line between two points on this graph. 8. The average and instantaneous acceleration can be estimated graphically from the time-position graph. 9. The free-body diagram shows all the internal forces that exerted on an object. 10. Friction acts to resist the motion of the object when two objects are in not contact. 11. The static…arrow_forwardArriving on a newly discovered planet, the captain of a spaceship performed the following experiment to calculate the gravitational acceleration for the planet: She placed masses of 100 g and 200 g on an Atwood device made of massless string and a frictionless pulley and measured that it took 1.5 seconds for each mass to travel 1 m from rest. 16. What is the gravitational acceleration for the planet? a. 2.867 m/s2 c. 2.967 m/s2 b. 2.767 m/s2 d. 2.667 m/s2arrow_forward
- 799 @ 50 Done Verification of Newtons Second ... Fall -2020-201 Dr.Baiju Dayanandan University of Nizwa Department of Physics General Physics -I Analysis Questions 1. Qualitatively, what effect did your object's or system's mass have on its acceleration? Support your answer with data. 2. Qualitatively, what was the effect on your object's or system's acceleration as the net force acting on it increased? Support your answer with data. 3. Two different carts are accelerated by a net force. The graph shows their respective accelerations as a function of this net force. What can you conclude about the mass of cart A compared to the mass of cart B? How do you know? Acceleration of two objects 300 100 Force (N) 200 Fall -2020-201 Dr.Baiju Dayanandanarrow_forwardProvide detailed explanations and real-life applications. When rain falls from the sky, what happens to its momentum as it hits the ground? Is your answer also valid for Newton’s famous apple legend? Your answers should be at least 10 sentences.arrow_forwardPhysical quantities are classified as either vectors or scalars. Classify the following terms as either vectors or scalars: Force ii. Mass iii. Temperature iv. Velocity v. Momentum vi. Timearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning