Ch 25 global crisis

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Jan 9, 2024

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Chapter 25 Global Crisis Remember quotes are optional - use a quote only if it represents a point of view of a notable or observer of the event/issue - and is short and to the point What diplomatic efforts and agreements of the 20s and 30s attempted to deal with the increasing political crises of the era? Key terms Washington Conference of 1921 : series of international meetings held to address the growing naval arms race between world powers The Kellogg-Briand Pact : an attempt to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy The Good Neighbor Policy : Pledge from the US to respect the sovereignty of Latin American countries Relevant quotes from important figures (NOT QUOTES FROM TEXT) Many diplomatic efforts of the 20s and the 30s attempted to alleviate the political conflicts of the era. For example, the Washington Conference of 1921 reduced tensions between the major superpowers.The Five-Power Pact established limits on naval armaments for the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. The Nine-Power Act reaffirmed the "Open Door" policy in China to promote free trade. The Four-Power Act also acknowledged the territorial holdings of the United States, Great Britain, France, and Japan in the Pacific region. In addition, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 was an international agreement signed between 14 nations to outlaw war as a policy measure. Under the terms of the pact, the signatory countries agreed to renounce war as a means of settling international disputes. The Good Neighbor policy even reduced U.S. military involvement in the Latin American, promoting economic cooperation and cultural exchange. How and why did US foreign policy change in the 1920s and 1930s? Key Terms: The Spanish Civil War: conflict from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican government and Nazi forces led by General Francisco Franco. Quarantine Speech : speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt where he called for international cooperation to contain the aggressive, exaponists actions of Japan Relevant quotes from important figures (NOT QUOTES FROM TEXT)
US foreign policy was marked by a rise of isolationism. For example, the disbanding of the Geneva Conference on disarmament and Japan's withdrawal from the 1921 Washington Conference left many Americans skeptical of international efforts to prevent war. Another factor that contributed to the rise of isolationism was the failure of the League of Nations to prevent Japanese aggression in Asia. The United States maintained a policy of military neutrality even in the face of Italy's invasion of Ethiopia and during the Spanish Civil War. However, Japan's continued aggression in China, like the 1937 assault on Nanjing, led Roosevelt to question isolationism. In his "Quarantine speech," Roosevelt called for aggressors to be prevented from spreading war, but this speech was deeply unpopular among isolationist Americans. How and why did the goals of the Neutrality Acts change over the 1930s? Key Terms: Neutrality Acts : laws passed with the goal of keeping the US out of another world war Lend-Lease Program : program established to provide military aid to the Allies during World War II. Allowed the US to lend/lease military ammunition, tanks, planes, and ships Relevant quotes from important figures (NOT QUOTES FROM TEXT) The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 were designed to prevent the issues that had led to US involvement in World War. The Neutrality Acts defined the "neutral rights" of US citizens, and established a "cash and carry" policy that allowed only non-military goods to be sold to warring countries (who had to provide their own transportation). After the fall of France in 1940, public opinion in the United States shifted towards a greater recognition of the threat posed by Nazi Germany. As a result, President Roosevelt was able to take steps towards greater involvement in the war effort, despite ongoing debates between interventionists and isolationists. For example, in 1940, he authorized the sale of military supplies to Great Britain through the Lend-Lease program, which allowed the US to provide aid to Allied powers without directly entering the war.
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