PSY 337 FINAL PAPER

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Midway University *

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Psychology

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Chelsea Bruch Final Paper Fall 2023 Midway University, Psych Department Professor Antares ON TIME

2 Cognitive Behavior Therapy is the approach I will choose if I deem it an integral aspect of the best treatment plan for my client. This form of therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It strives to assist individuals in identifying and changing negative or unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors that only aid in their difficulties. CBT is based on the idea that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are interconnected and by changing these misconceptions and ill-conceived behaviors, we can grow and move forward by changing how we feel. This therapy is a collaborative therapy derived from several founders who developed their forms of cognitive behavior therapy such as Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT), Cognitive Therapy (CT), and Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM), where the therapist and client work cohesively to identify and address problematic thoughts and behaviors. The central premise of cognitive behavioral therapy is that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are interconnected. It seeks to address negative patterns by identifying challenging irrational and unhelpful thoughts and replacing them with realistic and positive ones. The significant importance of homework assignments between sessions. in cognitive behavioral therapy, extends the therapy session to everyday life. I would integrate CBT with EMDR and recommend a psychiatrist due to personal experience. The integration of these three approaches saved my life. In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the therapist often functions as a teacher. They educate the client about their specific disorder and how it affects their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This helps the client understand their condition and the rationale behind the therapy. The therapist teaches the client how to identify and challenge their negative thoughts or cognitive distortions. This involves helping the client recognize their automatic negative thoughts, evaluate their validity, and replace them with more balanced and realistic thoughts. They also teach the

3 client behavioral strategies to change their maladaptive behaviors. This could include techniques like exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, or activity scheduling for depression. Another reason the therapist acts as a teacher is by providing their client with new skills to cope with their symptoms or to improve their functioning. This could include critical thinking skills, social skills, or stress management techniques. The therapist often assigns homework to the client to practice the skills learned in therapy. This helps the client to apply the techniques in real-life situations and reinforces the learning process. Also, by modeling healthy behaviors or cognitive processes for the client. This can help the client learn by example. The therapist provides feedback on the client's progress and reinforces their efforts to change. This helps to motivate the client and to shape their behavior in a positive direction. In all these ways, the therapist functions as a teacher in CBT, helping the client to learn new ways of thinking and behaving that can help them overcome their psychological problems. “Cognitive behavioral practitioners use a brief, active, directive, collaborative, present- focused, didactic, psychoeducational model of therapy that relies on empirical validation of its concepts and teachings.” (Corey, 2021. p. 307-308). The therapy is directive, meaning the therapist guides the client towards goals, and collaborative, meaning the therapist and client work together to identify and solve problems. CBT is present-focused, meaning it focuses on the client's current problems and ways to solve them, rather than focusing on past traumas. It is didactic, meaning it involves teaching and learning, and psychoeducational, meaning it educates clients about their disorders and ways to oversee them. Finally, CBT relies on empirical validation, meaning its effectiveness is supported by scientific research. The process of CBT is as follows: First, identify troubling situations or conditions in the client’s life. These may include such issues as a medical condition, divorce, grief, anger, or symptoms of a mental health

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4 disorder. Second, become aware of their thoughts, emotions, and beliefs about these problems. Once the therapist identifies the problems to work on, they will encourage their client to share their thoughts about them. Third, identify negative or inaccurate thinking by recognizing patterns of behavior that may be contributing to their problem. The therapist will pay attention to physical, emotional, and behavioral responses in different situations. This next step involves learning to question unhelpful patterns and replace them with more realistic and useful thoughts reshaping negative or inaccurate thinking. The therapist may also produce realistic, calming statements one can say to oneself when facing or anticipating situations that normally make you anxious or upset. The goal of cognitive behavioral therapy is not only to help you cope with current issues but also to give the client skills they need to manage other challenges on their own in the future. Ellis, Beck, and Padesky are all cognitive behavioral theorists, yet they have distinct approaches. Albert Ellis devised Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) as a form of psychotherapy that aims to help individuals identify self-defeating thoughts and feelings, challenge the rationality of those feelings, and replace them with healthier, more productive beliefs. The goal of REBT is to free individuals to allow them to devise their specific constructive belief systems. This is achieved through a process of challenging irrational beliefs, understanding the impact of these beliefs on emotions and behavior, and replacing them with more rational and adaptive beliefs. It follows the same framework as CBT which is depicted above. Through this process, individuals are freed from the constraints of their irrational beliefs and can develop their own constructive belief systems. This leads to healthier emotional responses and more adaptive behavior.

5 Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are all interconnected and that we can improve our mental health by changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. The first step in Beck's CT is to identify the negative or distorted thoughts that are causing emotional distress or problematic behaviors. These might be thoughts of impending doom or worthlessness. Once these thoughts have been identified, the next step is to challenge them. This might involve looking at the evidence for and against these thoughts, considering alternative explanations, or conducting behavioral experiments to assess these thoughts. The last step is to replace the negative thoughts with more realistic and balanced thoughts. This might involve developing more balanced beliefs about oneself and the world or learning to accept oneself despite one's flaws. Alongside cognitive restructuring, Beck's CT also involves behavioral strategies. This involves engaging in activities that are enjoyable or meaningful, gradually facing feared situations, or learning new problem- solving or coping skills. The final stage of therapy involves developing a plan to maintain the gains made in therapy and to cope with future stressors or setbacks. This might involve identifying early warning signs of relapse, developing a plan for how to respond to these signs, and continuing to practice the skills learned in therapy. The goal of Beck's CT is not to eliminate all negative thoughts, but rather to develop a more balanced and realistic way of thinking. It is about learning to manage one's thoughts and behaviors more healthily, rather than being controlled by them. Padesky’s strength-based CBT focuses on cognitive reconstructing which involves examining and questioning the accuracy of negative thoughts and beliefs and replacing them with more positive and helpful ones. The goal of Padesky's CBT is to help individuals develop more adaptive ways of thinking and behaving, which can lead to improvements in mood and functioning.

6 My firsthand experiences with cognitive therapies began at the early age of sixteen when I finally revealed the crux of my emotional and mental distress. The only reason it came to be known was six months after I had just experienced the first traumatic event in my life. I had woken from one of my night terrors and ran into my parent's room because I saw men standing around my mom who was sleeping. I went crazy trying to get them out, however there was nobody there. It was then that my parents knew of what happened and they thought they knew how to make it better. I did not tell my father because I needed him then more than I needed him in prison, and I knew if he knew about the assault that is where he would end up. I began treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy paired with EMDR and medication for panic attacks and night terrors. It was those three approaches that have helped me cope with my PTSD. However, certain things can trigger it. Trauma has physiological changes in the brain. It affects the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus. Therefore, it is impossible to return to how you were prior. I CHOOSE to view this as positive because now I am much more resilient and more aware of my surroundings. This will help me with work as I am majoring in psychology with a concentration on PTSD.

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7 References Corey, G. (2021) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Tenth Edition. Cengage.

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