Deuteronomy Project

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Dallas Theological Seminary *

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5102

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Religion

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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THE IMPACT OF LEVITICUS AND DEUTERONOMY ON INTERPRETATION OF THE BIBLE Instructions: Follow the example provided. Simply look up the 'Instruction' passage and briefly summarize it (not necessary to use any sources or commentaries). Next, look up the 'Application' passage, briefly summarize it, and then explain why the instruction passage relates / impacts the interpretation of the 'application' passage. Deuteronomy 20:16-18 in Joshua 9:1-27 Instruction (Deut 20:16-18) – Dealings with Peoples Inside Canaan In Deuteronomy 20:10-20 God instructs the Israelites concerning the manner in which they are to conquer the land. Those nations living within the land (e.g. the Hittite, Amorite, Canaanite, Perizzite, Hivite, Jebusite, etc.) were to be utterly destroyed. They were not to be offered terms of peace but every living thing was to be killed. Only those nations who resided outside of the Promised Land were to be offered terms of peace and the far off people would become servants of Israel. Application (Josh 9:1-27) – The Gibeonites’ Covenant with Joshua In Joshua 9 the Gibeonites (a people residing within the Promised Land who posed as coming from far off) approached the Israelites and offered them terms of peace. Per the covenant (Deut. 20:16-18), such an offer was to be rejected and the Gibeonites were to be utterly destroyed. However, the Israelites do not seek the counsel of the LORD and make a covenant with the Gibeonites, thus violating Deut. 20:16-18. Deuteronomy 28:51-52 in Judges 6:1- Instruction (Deut 28:51-52) – Curses for Disobedience In Deuteronomy 28:51-52 God decrees the judgement or curses that the Israelites will face in the event of disobedience in refusing to worship Him for their abundance. The Lord will

bring forth a nation that will utterly ravish and devastate their herds and their produce. There will be no grain harvest, no new wine, or oil; the herds and the young of their flock will also be devoured. The nation that God raises up against them will besiege their towns and tear down their beloved walls, which they trusted more than God. Application (Jdg 6:1-5) – Israel’s Enemies and Gideon’s Reasoning In Judges 6 Israel sinned before God and thus faced the Curses of Disobedience that were promised them in Deuteronomy 28: 51-52. The Lord brought forth Midian and delivered the Israelites into their devastation for seven years. The Midianites, with the Amalekites, devastated the land such that the Israelites hid in dens, caves, and strongholds. They destroyed all the produce, and there were no sheep, ox or donkey. All sustenance was destroyed and the land was devastated by the livestock of the Midianites and Amalekites. Deuteronomy 17:14-20 in Judges 8:22-31 Instruction (Deut 17:14-20) – Laws for the King In Deuteronomy 17 God instructs the Israelites concerning the guidelines governing the selection of a king, and the rules for how he is to conduct himself once selected. The king must be chosen by God. He must be of Israelite nationality and not a foreigner. The king is not to seek his own gain, or instruct the people to disobey God. He cannot seek to increase his own horses, nor is he to instruct the people to return to Egypt to multiply horses. The king is not to have multiple wives, which would cause his heart to turn away from God. He is not to increase silver or gold for himself. The king must write out the Law in the presence of the Levitical priests and keep it with him as long as he lives. He is to read it daily, observing all the of the Law, so the he comes to fear the Lord. This will keep him humble and help him not to turn away from the commandments of God, so that his kingdom will endure throughout his sons’ generations.

Application (Jdg 8:22-31) – Gideon’s Rejection of Kingship In Judges 8:22-31, the men of Israel seek to make Gideon king over them because he has delivered Israel from the Mideonites. Gideon refuses at first because he says that the Lord is the One who must rule over them. This is in line with the Laws for Kings I’m Deuteronomy 17:14- 20, which mandates that the king must be chosen by God. However, Gideon changes his mind and decides to take on the role of leader for a bribe of 1,700 shekels of gold, which he fashions into an ephod. Here, he violates the Law of Kings, which states that a king is not supposed to seek his own gain. He also leads Israel to sin in idolatrous worship of the ephod. Still, by the grace of God, Israel enjoys 40 years of peace. Later, in Judges 8:30, it is reported that Gideon had many wives. This is another violation of the Law of Kings. Yet, God is still faithful and allows Gideon to live to a ripe old age and be buried with his people. Numbers 6:2-21 in Judges 14:8-9 Instruction (Num 6:2-21) – Nazarite Requirements In Numbers 6:2-21, God gives detailed instructions concerning the rules for someone who takes a Nazarite vow. They are to keep themselves holy and set apart for God. They are not to drink wine or strong drink, neither vinegar, nor is he to drink grape juice or eat fresh or dried grapes. A Nazarite may not eat any produce of the grape vine at all, be it from seed or skin. He is not to shave his head, but must let his hair grow long. He is never to come into contact with a dead body, not even if it is a family member. If he accidentally came into contact with a dead body, he was to go through an extensive rededication process that included shaving his head, giving sacrifices, and re-consecrating his head, and re-establishing the vow. After the days of his vow were complete, he was to give the burnt, sin, and peace offerings, with the grain and drink

offerings. Only then can he shave his head. He can drink wine after the priest has offered the wave offering. Application (Jdg 14:8-9) – Samson’s Nazarite Vow and the Lion In Judges 14:8-9, Samson, who is under a Nazarite Vow, comes upon the dead carcass of a lion and finds a swarm of bees and honey within. He not only approaches the carcass and explores it close enough to find the bees and honey, but he decides to stick his and inside and take some to eat. Per the rules of the Nazarite Vow in Numbers 6:2-21, a Nazarite is forbidden to have any contact with a dead body. Therefore he should have avoided the lion carcass. When he gets home, he shares the honey with his parents, but does not tell them where it came from, because he knows that he has sinned. He does not seek repentance or re-consecrate his head. He does not seek repentance through sacrifice, nor does he re-consecrate his head and restart his vow (as required in the rules for a Nazarite Vow). Deuteronomy 5:7-21 in Judges 17:1-5 Instruction (Deut 5:7-21) – The Ten Commandments In Deuteronomy 5:7-21, God reiterates the Ten Commandments to the nation of Israel, as His ordinances that they are to live by. They shall not have any other god before Yahweh. They must not make or worship any idols, or fashion the likeness of anything in heaven, on earth, or in the sea, because Yahweh is a jealous God. They must never take the name of the Lord in vain, lest they be punished. They are to observe the sabbath day and keep it holy unto God. They can work six days, but must rest on the seventh day and not do any work. They must honor their father and mother. They must never murder, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, or covet their neighbor’s wife nor any of his possessions.

Application (Jdg 17:1-5) – The Mother’s Thanks, The Dedication of Micah the Priest In Judges 17:1-5, a man named Micah admits to stealing his mother’s silver. Per the Ten Commandments, he has both stolen and dishonored his mother, and should be punished. However, he is blessed simply for admitting the theft. When he returns the silver to his mother, she rejoices and decides to dedicate the silver to the Lord in the name if her son and has a portion of it made into a graven image. She has now broken God’s commandment which forbids the making of any graven image. Micah proceeds to make a shrine to the image and establish his own sons as its priests. its priests. According to Deuteronomy 5:7-21, Micah has brought his entire family into idol worship. They are all guilty and should incur the jealous wrath of God. Leviticus 23:22; Deuteronomy 24:19; Deuteronomy 10:17-19 in Ruth 2:6-7, 11 Instruction (Lev 23:22; Deut 24:19) – The Laws of Gleanings In Leviticus 23:22 and Deuteronomy 24:19, the Lord instructs Israel regarding the laws of harvesting. In Leviticus 23:22, the Lord commands that the edges of the fields be left unharvested, and the gleanings of the harvest are to be left to provide for the foreigner. In Deuteronomy 24:19, the Lord commands that the unharvested portions that remain are to be left as provision for the foreigner, the orphan and the widow as a blessing from the Lord. Instruction (Deut 10:17-19) – The Treatment of Widows and Aliens In Deuteronomy 10:17-19, the Lord proclaims that He will execute justice for the orphan and the widow, and show love to the foreigner by giving them food and clothing. The people are instructed to show the same love to the foreigner because they were once foreigners in Egypt.

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