Axum

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School

San Francisco State University *

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Course

200

Subject

Religion

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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3

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Uploaded by GrandMask9567

FROM AFRICA TO OLMEC AMERICA SYLLABUS AFRS 300 SPRING 2012 FROM AFRICA TO OLMEC AMERICA March 28, 2012 Questions for Christian Axum 1. What kind of religious practices existed before Christianity in Axum? Before its conversion to Christianity, the Aksumites practiced a polytheistic religion related to the religion practiced in southern Arabia 2. Who was Mahrem in the traditional Axumite culture? The Empire practiced a polytheistic and Judaic religion, possibly worshiping gods such as Astar, Beher, Meder/Medr, and Mahrem, but later adopted Christianity around AD 325 3. How do the Axumites say they are linked to the ancient Jews? they believed they were descendants of the Hebrews, who were also Semitic, and traced their origins back to David 4. Who was Frumentius and what did he accomplish? Frumentius was the first Bishop of Axum, and he is credited with bringing Christianity to the Aksumite Kingdom, which was a major trading area for Northern Africa
5. Who became Christian first the Axumites or the Romans? The Roman Empire 6. What was the first indication that King Ezana had become Christian? the coins from the first half of Ezana's reign have the disc and crescent symbols of earlier Ethiopian rulers, 7. What did the two brother kings Abraha and Atsbaha accomplish to spread Christianity in the Axumite empire? founded 44 churches. 8. What controversies erupted that began to split the Christian church? The Great Schism came about due to a complex mix of religious disagreements and political conflicts 9. What side of the religious controversy did Axum side with? Christianity. Aksum embraced the Orthodox tradition of Christianity in the 4th century (c. 340–356 C.E.) under the rule of King Ezana 10. Who were the nine saints? The Nine Saints were a group of missionaries who were important in the initial growth of Christianity in what is now Ethiopia during the late 5th century 11. Who were the indigenous people of Axum? People from the kingdom of Saba, across the Red Sea on the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula 12. What event caused Axum to invade southern Arabia? The local geography contributed to the rise of Aksum. The city is located some 2,000 meters (6,562 feet) above sea level, on a plateau By 350, Aksum conquered the Kingdom of Kush. Around 520, King Kaleb sent an expedition to Yemen against the
Jewish Himyarite King Dhu Nuwas, who was persecuting the Christian/Aksumite community in his kingdom 13. Who led the Axumite war and what was the result? King Ezana 14. What was the first inscription which marks the beginning of Christian Axumite literature? The oldest known example of the old Ge'ez script is found on the Hawulti obelisk in Matara, Eritrea. The oldest surviving Ge'ez manuscript is the 5th or 6th century Garima Gospels. 15. Why did the Ethiopians side with the Muslims against the Christians of Egypt? Ethiopia had long been a wealthy, established Christian power in eastern Africa. Between 647 CE and 709 CE, the period when the Muslim Rashidun Caliphate was rapidly expanding across North Africa, the Christian Kingdom of Axum ruled Ethiopia. Axum was able to resist Arab conquest for three reasons. 1) Political strength. 2) Geographical protection. 3) Historical connections to the Arabs 16. What portion of the bible did the Christian of Axum admire the most? It has also been claimed that Aksum is the home of the Biblical Ark of the Covenant, in which lies the "Tablets of Law" upon which the Ten Commandments are inscribed
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