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Exam 1 SOC 1113 First name and last name: _______________________________________ Multiple Choice: Select the option that best answers each question (20 questions; 1 point each; 20 points total). 1. Some sociologists suggest that workers’ wages are based on how essential or valuable their labor is to society (i.e., a doctor gets paid more than a fast-food worker because doctors are more valuable to society). In other words, economic inequality is inevitable because not all jobs contribute to society the same way. Even further, some sociologists suggest that economic inequality benefits society in that it ensures the most essential workers get rewarded/paid more than anyone else. Under which sociological paradigm does this reasoning make the most sense? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism 2. If I wanted to examine how television portrays the professions of women characters versus men characters (e.g., whether women and men were portrayed as doctors and lawyers at the same rates or whether women were more often portrayed as nurses and secretaries), which of the following research methods would be most appropriate? a. Survey b. Ethnography c. Interviews d. Content Analysis 3. Which of the following examples best describes a total institution ? a. New members of The Church™ are expected to donate 10% of their income every year as part of their membership dues b. After joining Camps and Lodges, scouts are required to go on long group hikes to foster camaraderie and to learn essential survival skills c. When admitted to Hodge’s Spa Resort, residents are not permitted to contact friends or family, are referred to only as “initiate,” and are under constant supervision d. At Foster’s Home for Imaginary Friends, students get their own room but share a bathroom with three other students 4. Here at Oklahoma State University, would plagiarism be considered a folkway, a more, or a taboo? a. Folkway b. More c. Taboo

5. In 2017, social service workers and advocates from all over Oklahoma went to the capitol to protest major cuts to the state’s budget for mental health services. Would sociologists consider the large number of protesters gathered in OKC to be a group or a crowd ? a. Group b. Crowd 6. If a college professor wanted to determine whether her Introduction to Sociology class was a primary group or a secondary group, which of the following would be the best indicator? a. The students’ grades in other classes b. The students’ extracurricular activities c. The students’ long-term career goals d. The students’ interactions outside the classroom 7. After digging through some old databases, I discover a moderate statistical correlation between arm length and IQ scores—according to this data, people with longer arms also have higher IQ scores. What is the most logical explanation for this? a. The correlation is incorrect b. Longer arm length causes higher intelligence c. The relationship is spurious d. Since I have very long arms, my bias (and very high intelligence, obviously) is manipulating the data 8. If a university administrator wanted to examine OSU’s symbolic culture, which of the following would be an appropriate subject? a. Edmon Low Library b. Student Union c. Lucy from Pete’s Posse d. Pistol Pete 9. Dr. Addy thinks of him as smart— really, really smart . According to Charles Cooley, where did Dr. Addy get these ideas of himself? a. From his ongoing competition with Dr. Hodges for the title of “King of the Lab” b. From the confidence he gained by excelling in school (not to mention getting 2 PhDs) c. From teachers and colleagues (like Dr. Brennan and Dr. Saroyan) expressing admiration d. From the perspective-taking of the generalized other rather than the particular other 10. Gabriella, a sociology PhD student, is taking an advanced statistics course. While she enjoys mathematic and statistical methods and excels in them, there is a prevalent stereotype that women prefer qualitative methods because they cannot understand statistics. Which of the following might Gabriella likely be experiencing when she scores lower on the midterm exam than her male colleagues? a. Stereotype threat b. Stereotype promise

c. Adult socialization d. Social influence 11. Many people think of homeless people as lazy and just wanting a handout. Imagine that someone experiencing homeless stands outside a gas station, opening the door for customers as the enter the building—so people don’t think of him as wanting a handout without working for it. A sociologist might say that he is working on: a. Expressions given b. Impression management c. Backstage d. Social construction 12. In the 19 th century, Irish immigrants were often discriminated against in the U.S. and not necessarily considered “white.” Now, Irish Americans and other European immigrants to the U.S. are considered “white” without hesitation. What does this say about stigma? a. Stigmatization has long-lasting effects b. Stigma is primarily an economic issue c. Stigma can be overcome through passing d. Stigmatized identities change over time 13. What might a sociologist call it when Republicans label other party members who do not support former President Trump’s policies and decisions as “RINOs” (Republicans in Name Only), censoring Republican party members who dissent? a. Peer pressure b. Social influence c. Groupthink d. Socialization 14. The term “passing” often references issues of race; however, remember that passing can refer to other forms of stigmatization as well. Which of the following is a good example of passing as a form of stigma management? a. A fat, gay man who embraces his body type b. A woman who doesn’t drink but goes to a bar for her friend’s birthday party c. A man with self-harm scars on his wrists who only wears long-sleeves to cover them, even on hot summer days d. A Christian woman who attends Shabbat services with her Jewish husband 15. Bob the Builder is mandated by the courts to seek therapy after losing his temper one-too- many times. Bob goes to therapy regularly in accordance with the court’s mandate because he want to avoid the jail sentence—not because he wants therapeutic assistance. Which kind of conformity best describes Bob’s situation? a. Compliance b. Internalization c. Identification

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