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1 GENDER IDENTITY IN SPORITS Priya Maliakal Grand Canyon University UNV-506-0500 Professor Ashley Hartman AUGUST 3,2022,

2 Gender Identity in Sports Gender identity has been a topic of controversy that has been on the rise in the recent years. Many see gender identity solely as a form of the freedom of expression. However, the major dispute regarding gender identity lies in the realm of sports. Although simply being transgender may affect the individual themselves, the involvement of artificial hormones or other performance enhancing or hindering hormones begins to push the scale of impact towards the safety and well-being of fellow athletes. Authors, media personalities, and even states, such as Jeffrey Cohen, Mary Eberstadt, Joe Rogan, Matt Juul, and the state of Texas, are beginning to form opinions regarding transgender ism in sports. The differences of opinions vary between the individuals regarding this topic; looking into the points of views will help create a better understanding of the situation. Causes and Reasoning Author Mary Eberstadt looks at transgender ism differently; she states that it is caused by some form of trauma. She goes on to quote an LGBT Health article: “Transgender women have consistently reported elevated rates of lifetime physical and sexual abuse." It concluded, "Given these associations as well as the high prevalence of physical and/or sexual abuse among transgender women, mental health professionals and social service providers working with this population should be sensitive to the abuse history and mental health needs of the transgender women with whom they work” (Eberstadt).

3 The other personality and author, Joe Rogan and Matt Juul (respectively), have do not delve too much into what they believe to the cause of transgenderism. However, it is implied in their ideologies that it is something that the person holds within themselves. The state of Texas, yet has a fair opinion regarding transgender ism. They only seem to discuss the creation of law and do not go into any detail regarding solutions for transgender athletes. I believe the Cohen and Eberstadt had somewhat similar views on transgender ism. It appears the two ideas work together. Eberstadt’s view regarding trauma could lead individuals to look for an escape into something they are not. The individual may be looking to reject who they are and blame the abuse on their own characteristics. This could lead to individuals wanting to be different, even if it is not generally accepted by the public. Society Eberstadt believes that society is a factor for the mental shift within individuals that makes them embrace transgender ism. Eberstadt discusses how abuse and trauma are the key factors that create transgender ism. She also discusses how society, and the health community should take a closer look into such a common trait among transgenders. The lack of consideration of certain topics can lead to greater problems in the future as well. Joe Rogan looks more into the current situations and obstacles transgenders are facing, which is using traditional public facilities. Juul similarly implies that there are certain restrictions and limitations that are being placed by society. However, Juul mentions how a fighter, Fallon Fox has met all the requirements to become a woman. Fox underwent hormone replacement therapy; she had also undergone gender reassignment surgery. This brings into question, if on paper and in the eyes of society, is Fox a female? If not, what needs to be done to make an individual a female. Texas

4 seems to be taking the side of the traditionalist, which makes sense due to its political standing. Transgender ism is something that does not fit into the norms of today’s society. Bathrooms for example, would cause concern for many individuals, because if a biological man were to say he is a woman and enters the women’s room, a biological woman would feel uncomfortable. It also brings into question many things, such as who is checking to see if an individual is a man or woman? What are the qualifications to be either? Should it be based on what the individual claims? What if there are foreign substances such as performance enhancing drugs used by female athletes increasing their testosterone to male testosterone levels? Although many people may not be comfortable with some changes that can be expected with the integration of transgenders into current facilities, there has been a cultural shift that is promoting the freedom of expression. This change has created an environment for many people to openly express themselves through gender identity. Integration Eberstadt discusses many popular celebrities that have become transgender. She shows that transgenders can break the barriers of society and reach higher levels. She starts her article mentioning the Miss Nevada USA crown went to Kataluna Enriquez, a transgender woman (Eberstadt). A transgender woman winning a beauty pageant shows the inclusion and integration of transgenders into society. Joe Rogan discusses cases where transgender women were able to compete in female sports. He states that biological women are the victims of the transgender ideology. In a case in track & field, biological males will compete as transgender females with biological female athlete. This has been identified in certain high schools, and the students don’t necessarily have to undergo gender reassignment surgery. Also, Rogan states that he supports

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