Chapter 11- Multiple Methods

1. Which of the following is not an example of triangulation? A) using three different questions to measure the same concept B) replicating an experiment with a different manipulation of the independent variable C) asking the same question to a large sample of respondents D) using both experimentation and the analysis of existing data to test the same hypothesis E) using a team of investigators in field research 2. Which basic approach to social research produces the strongest inferences about causal relationships? A) experimentation B) survey research C) field research D) analysis of existing data 3. Which basic approach to social research is best for obtaining precise estimates of population characteristics? A) experimentation B) survey research C) field research D) analysis of existing data 4. Which basic approach to social research lends itself best to examining situations and experiences from the viewpoint of the research participant or actor? A) experimentation B) survey research C) field research D) analysis of existing data 5. Which basic approach to social research affords the fewest controls on extraneous variables? A) experimentation B) survey research C) field research D) analysis of existing data 6. Which basic approach to social research lends itself best to studies of long-term social change? A) experimentation B) survey research C) qualitative research Page 1

D) analysis of existing data 7. Which basic approach to social research tends to be guided by broad theoretical and substantive questions that de-emphasize research design? A) experimentation B) survey research C) field research D) analysis of existing data 8. Which basic approach to social research is most effective in providing a holistic and contextual understanding of social actions? A) experimentation B) survey research C) field research D) analysis of existing data 9. Which basic approach to social research is most likely to use college students as the units of analysis? A) experimentation B) survey research C) field research D) analysis of existing data 10. Probability sampling from a specified target population is common in __________ but rarely found in __________. A) experiments; qualitative research B) field research; available data research C) field research; experiments D) available data research; surveys E) surveys; experiments 11. Andrew Cherlin and associates' study of the influence of abuse on marriage and cohabitation A) integrated field research methods with survey research methods. B) compared surveys of respondents in low-income and high-income areas. C) replicated a survey five times within a period of 10 years. D) incorporated an experimental design within surveys of three communities. 12. As Cherlin and associates discovered, one effect of abuse on marriage and cohabitation was abated unions , in which Page 2

A) women withdrew from serious relationships with men altogether. B) women constantly moved from one relationship to another. C) women preferred cohabiting, nonmarried relationships. D) women married after becoming pregnant as teenagers. 13. Cherlin and associates found that women who were single or in abated unions were most likely to have experienced abuse A) in childhood only. B) in adulthood only. C) in both childhood and adulthood. D) as teen mothers. 14. Comparing the results of a survey and field experiment on employment discrimination, Pager and Quillian showed that A) the two approaches yielded similar results. B) surveys are a more effective means of assessing job discrimination. C) neither approach provides a valid assessment of job discrimination. D) what employers said they would do in the survey did not match what they did in the experiment. 15. Pager and associates' study of employment discrimination in New York City compared the experiences of two teams of testers as they applied for a job: A) One team of black applicants and the other team of white testers. B) Each team consisted of one black and one white tester. C) Each team consisted of a black, Latino, and white tester. D) A randomly chosen applicant of each team had a criminal record. 16. Field notes taken by testers in Pager and associates' field experiment (or audit study) on employment discrimination enabled the researchers to A) verify the results of the field experiment. B) identify three consistent patterns of racial discrimination. C) identify racist employers. D) identify individual differences among same-race testers. 17. Which of the following is an example of “job channeling,” as discovered in Pager and associates' study of employment discrimination? A) After a black applicant is told that a position has already been filled, the position is offered to a white applicant. B) A black tester applying for a sales position is offered a job as a stock boy. C) An employer removes a job listing when only minority candidates apply for the job. Page 3