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Sociology

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Apr 3, 2024

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SOSC 1000 Exam 3: According to the relevant lecture material AND the reading by Charles Tilly, how did the state come into being? According to Charles Tilly's reading of War Making and State Making as Organized Crime, the creation of states is inextricably linked to the making of war and the exploitation of resources (Tilly, 169). The states and state agents are frequently the main perpetrators of violence, and that conflict is a basic tactic of state-making. Since many groups shared the right to use violence during the early stages of the creation of states, they also frequently used violence to further their goals (Tilly, 173). The national state's responsibility is to guarantee private property rights and build the infrastructure required for a growing economy. The conflict between competing economic interests is regulated, as is the use of justified violence, as well as contemporary phenomena (Mekouar, 2023). According to Tilly, by offering security to the population, centralized powers were able to create and legitimize their violence and eventually monopolize it as well as the ability to demand tributes (Tilly, 185). The history of state-making in Europe was divided into three phases, if we accept the fragile difference between "internal" and "external" state-making processes: (a) the difference between an "external" and an "internal" arena for the use of force is established by the relative efficacy of some power brokers in "external" disputes; (b) "external" competition leads to "internal" state formation; and (c) "external" agreements among states have an increasingly strong influence on the form and locus of specific states (Tilly, 185). Based on the importance of internal aggression in monopolization, as highlighted by Tilly, it is necessary for the consolidation of the state and needed for more efficient taxation. This was achieved by gaining direct control over established areas, which curtailed and weakened the authority previously held. Early state-makers expanded their control of previously controlled forces to the central state to create direct authority over the entire territory. States that were recently created through decolonization or the reallocation of territory by powerful states obtained their armed organizations from outside in greater numbers, lacking the same internal forging of reciprocal restrictions between rulers and ruled (Tilly, 186). Leaders needed resources to wage war against other leaders. The increase in resources introduced taxation, allowing the state to appear. War, taxation, and bureaucracy all followed a cyclical pattern in which taxes were used to fund the acquisition of more goods and the fighting of larger battles. By the fifteenth century, the world had become divided into various states with

SOSC 1000 Exam 3: greater authority. Although people were drawn to their leader, they didn't associate with their state. The population has lately begun to identify with the state, according to the contemporary world (Mekouar, 2023).

SOSC 1000 Exam 3: How did the covid pandemic change our understanding of the state? The covid pandemic interrupted the decline of the state, causing us to change our understanding of the state. The state was essential in imposing collective health measures to keep everyone safe during the pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, hospitals and clinics were understaffed, with a greater population of individuals visiting these centres. This can cause a crisis to strike as essential sources are not accessible during a time of need. At the beginning of the pandemic, the crisis caused a worldwide supply limitation, and everyone believed there wouldn’t be supplies for a long period. This resulted in everyone stocking up on essential supplies to provide for their households. This caused department stores' shelves to clear and factories to be unsure when they would be back to operating. With a shortage of essential supplies including food, access, and fuel distribution. There was limited access during the time when thousands of employees were laid off to stop the spread. The state developed a vaccine to protect individuals during the pandemic, and with few supplies, they started immunizing individuals. Since the vaccine was made in a brief amount of time, individuals didn't believe the state. Later, the state-imposed limitations on those who didn't obtain their vaccination; if they didn't, they were forbidden from entering public areas since they had to display a vaccination passport as identification. This has caused a crisis all around the world, as individuals were dying from covid, and restrictions were placed. During this time, essential businesses remained open, while the state shut the doors of non-essential businesses until further notice. This required that employees be laid off until businesses were able to resume. As a result, thousands of businesses and millions of employees had no source of income. The state then provided financial aid for those who were laid off during this time. Even after the number of individuals affected by covid reduced and businesses opened back up, some businesses had to permanently close their doors as they were buried in debt. Our perception of the state has altered as a result of this. The state, which is a centralized governmental entity that imposes and enforces laws on the population, implemented laws over which individuals had no control. There were occasions when the limitations and regulations that were enforced remained in place to protect individuals in the future. For example, individuals must wear masks in medical facilities, and some locations demand a negative covid test.

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