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Sociology

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Jan 9, 2024

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1. The social model of disability requires you to break down walls to achieve equality for disabled people (Welsh Government/Lynwodraeth, Let’s Raise the Roof - A Social Model of Disability). It starts with a student with an educational deficit, then a school psychologist does an assessment to see if the student fits into one of the 13 disability categories, this confirms or rules out the child’s diagnosis. Once a diagnosis is confirmed an IEP is put in place to cure the student (Valle & Connor, 2010). Choosing to approach to understanding disabilities is important because it looks to highlight the diversity of the student rather than homogeneity. This is vastly different than the medical model where the student is not assessed by a school psychologist but rather by their doctor and once the doctor prescribes a medication, the student is no longer assessed. Stopping here does not fix the issue the child has, when implementing a learning program that is designed around the student’s needs, they will have more success in the classroom. In my own experience, every student at my school is on an IEP, when a student is switching classrooms or starting to work with a new staff member it is mandatory to read through the student’s IEP prior to working with them. The student’s IEP informs you of their behaviors, how the student learns best, and the services they need. The school I work for has fully embraced the social model of disability. Another example from Valle and Connor, is the man who couldn’t hear, the medical model suggested the man use a hearing aid because he was deaf but, they didn’t take into account any “hearing behavior” within his daily life. The man was not as deaf as he appeared in the doctor’s office, he could actually hear much better in his normal everyday life than in the quiet, stressful, doctor’s office. 2. Teachers of all backgrounds need to understand how disabling students of color is something that has been systematically embedded in our society. The ideology of normalcy is the idea that inheritable intelligence is distributed unequally among human beings according to class and race (Valle & Connor, 2010). This furthered the isolation of non-white people by making it seem more natural to see students of color and those living in poverty as “other” by associating them with disability (Reid & Knight, 2006, p. 18). In the school I work in every student has a diagnosis, and we do our best to continue to re-evaluate each student and test their learning levels. Regardless of race or the home life of a student, we provide full support while they're at school. We have a high success rate in our preschool classrooms with students building the appropriate learning skills going back to the district. It is important to remember to steer clear of cultural hegemony and value the diversity of your students. 3. The word that comes to mind when understanding autism is neurodiversity meaning, no two brains are exactly the same (Autistic Self Advocacy Network, 2023). We cant try to cure autism, it’s a developmental disability, instead its important to observe these students and create IEPs for them. When working with this population there are a lot of barriers to overcome, some can’t speak, some can’t read and, some have speech impediments, it’s important to be aware of any microaggressions you may have towards these students. The more aware you are the easier it will be for you to spot the problem and prevent it. Providing the student with a strong support system across all fields, including the student’s culture and home life, will help foster a “safe space” environment for the students to learn. For example, I have a student who every Monday he comes in

a mess and has behaviors all day. It’s not fair to the student to provide any less support because he’s having an off day, we don’t know if he had a rough weekend at home but, we do our best to provide a safe environment for the student when they’re at school. It’s also important to use inclusive language across all students, watching your tone and if you single out specific students does not provide an inclusive classroom. According to Harry and Klinger, a teacher should try and keep the atmosphere of the classroom warm, demanding, and academic taskmaster. A teacher should be strict but fair, give responsibility to the students, and be entertaining but serious about learning (Harry & Klinger, 2022). My final thoughts on how to not handicap an autistic student is to remember inclusion is better. According to ASAN students that are in inclusive classrooms learn better than students in segregated classrooms (Autistic Self Advocacy Network, 2023). Inclusive classrooms are beneficial for students with and without disabilities because they learn to work together and it helps kids see through the astigmatism that comes with being labeled with a learning disability. References: 1) Autistic Self Advocacy Network. (2022). What we believe. https://autisticadvocacy.org/about-asan/what-we-believe/ 2) Harry, B., & Klingner, J. (2022). Why are so many students of color in special education? Understanding race and disability in schools. Teachers College Press. (Chapter 4) 3) Reid, K.D., & Knight, M.G. (2006). Disability justifies exclusion of minority students: A critical history grounded in disability studies. Educational Researcher, 35 (6), 18-23. 4) Valle, J., & Connor, D. (2011). Rethinking disability: A disability studies approach to inclusive practices. New York, NY. (Chapter 3) 5) Welsh Government/Llywodraeth Cymru. (2021). Let’s raise the roof-A social model of disability. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgQQ-1TmCaQ

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