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Jan 9, 2024

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Explain and discuss leadership in problem-oriented policing. In 1979, Herman Goldstein called for a shift in policing from being primarily reactive and incident drive to a more proactive approach that identified underlying problems that could be targeted to reduce crime and disorder at their roots (Hinkle et al., 2020). This approach involved dealing with an array of problems in the community, including not only crime, but also social and physical disorder (Hinkle et al., 2020). Goldstein referred to this method of policing as “problem-oriented policing”. In problem- solving policing, the emphasis on responding to crimes is not as important as being able to solve the crime. The broken window theory, developed in 1982, linked disorder and crime (Schenker, 2021). This theory stated that minor forms of vandalism, such as broken windows and graffiti, created an environment that fostered more serious forms of criminal activity. Under the broken window theory, law enforcement officers targeted minor crimes such as vandalism, vagrancy, loitering, and public drinking (Schenker, 2021). The intent behind this crime control strategy was to provide an atmosphere of order and lawfulness, therefore reducing the probability of more serious crimes. Community oriented policing is viewed as from the professional model of policing that focuses on citizen input, broad function, and personal service (Cordner, 2014). The strategic aspect of community- oriented policing encompasses essential operational principles that transform its philosophy into practical application. These principles serve as bridges connecting the overarching ideas and values that form the foundation of community-oriented policing with initiatives and methods that can be employed and put into practice. They ensure that an organization's policies, priorities, and resource allocation align with the core principles of community policing (Cordner, 2014). Supporting community problem-solving and broken windows policing aims to create an environment where residents can enjoy a better quality of life. By addressing issues like graffiti, abandoned properties, and vagrancy, law enforcement officers help improve the overall physical and social environment. Problem solving techniques like the Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment (SARA) model help law enforcement officers with proactive crime prevention. By identifying and addressing underlying issues contributing to crime and disorder, officers can prevent criminal activity before it escalates. It's important for law enforcement officers to create a strong bond by building mutual trust and a good relationship with the community they serve. Having a positive relationship with the community can result in a community that is willing to provide law enforcement officers with necessary information to solve crime and community disorder. Leadership in problem-oriented policing is vital for successful implementation. When Goldstein introduced the concept of problem-oriented policing he believed that the success of implementation hinged on the support of senior leadership (Mazerolle et al., 2013). Just like with any job, it is important that leadership believe believe in their policies and procedures. Furthermore, they should be the ones to set the example through action to inspire and motivate their team to embrace the policy and procedures. A study conducted on leadership in problem-oriented policing identified that a transformational leadership style is critical (Mazerolle et al., 2013). Transformational leaders are those who are prepared to take risks, inspire motivators, convey a strategic direction that is appealing to their followers, and act as a mentor (Mazerolle et al., 2013). References:

Cordner, G. (2014). Community policing. The Oxford handbook of police and policing , 148-171. Hinkle JC, Weisburd D, Telep CW, Petersen K. Problem-oriented policing for reducing crime and disorder: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Campbell Syst Rev. 2020 Jun 15;16(2):e1089. doi: 10.1002/cl2.1089. PMID: 37133256; PMCID: PMC8356283. Mazerolle, L., Darroch, S., & White, G. (2013). Leadership in problem-oriented policing. Policing, 36(3), 543-560. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-06-2012-0055 Schenker, E. (2021). Community policing: from broken windows to a broken system, an analysis of the effects of community policing on american society . Proceedings of GREAT Day. https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi? article=1287&context=proceedings-of-great-day

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