W2 Guiding Questions

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Jan 9, 2024

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Weekly Reading Guiding Questions Week 2 Vera Brittain (VB), Ch 2 Q1. Throughout this chapter, and on her “road to freedom” through education from a life of “rich materialism and tranquil comfort”, VB has allies and critics. Draw two columns and write down who is who. What seems to be the pattern in terms of social vs cultural capital? Clue: VB alludes to it when she describes the other girls taking the Somerville entrance examination. Q2. Over the course of her life, VB liberated herself from 4 types of snobbishness which characterized her youth’s social milieu and in which she “was deliberately educated”; There is one snobbishness that she developed by herself and of which she never liberated herself from; Which are which? Q3. In this chapter VB, discusses two sides of her engagement with what her editors coined later as “human interests” (relations between the sexes). In which ways her educational endeavours were meant to liberate her from those “human interests”, and what were their final untoward (but predictable?) outcome? Q4. Identify three international events mentioned by VB (which years do they take place?) Did they impress her? Q5. Individual memory is about reconstruction of the past, and not all past events have the same value in our memories. What is VB’s most notable day of 1914? Is it the beginning of the war? Overview question Chs 1-2 : How is the acceleration of time communicated to us through these two chapters? CC Ch 4 Q1. According to CC, which three factors determined the monarchs’ capacity to influence foreign policy? Answer with one specific example for each case taken from a different one of the following countries: Germany, Russia, or Great Britain.
Q2. Foreign policy-making was complex in pre-1914 Europe. Identify the actors participating in policy-making and try to create a diagram of the power relations for at least two of the powers mentioned by CC. Q3. CC tends to ascribe great importance to the initiatives of certain determined politicians in guiding foreign policy. Can you find at least two examples of such influential figures, and briefly describe in what ways they changed their nation’s foreign policy? Q4. It is often argued that fin-de-siècle Germany was more militaristic than France and Britain, and that the military’s explains Germany's aggressive policies. Clark, however, does not agree that the military’s influence in Britain, France, and Russia was limited. Can you give at least three examples of how the Entente militaries influenced their nation’s policies? Q5. Turn of the century Europe saw an increasing interest of the press in foreign affairs. Name two ways in which this development made the peaceful resolution of conflicts more difficult. Then, name two of Clark’s arguments against the idea that the press was a decisive factor in the outbreak of the First World War. Q6. Clark argues that, rather than the press and ‘public opinion’, it was various ‘unspoken assumptions’, and in particular the readiness to view war as a legitimate and occasionally necessary instrument of policy, that were more important in pushing Europe to war. Name at least three sources propagating this ‘unspoken assumption’ in pre-1914 Europe.
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