9-1 Final Project Submission CJ-520 kkalpen

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Keondra Kalpen CJ-520-Q1063 Criminology and Public Policy 9-1 Final Project Submission: Policy Recommendation Report

I. Introduction: I have chosen Date Rape as my public policy for this assignment. I chose this public policy issue because it is one that is not talked about much but happens often. Date rape, when looking at numbers, effects over 35 % when looking at data coming from the program RAINN or Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network. Date rape also effects women or girls ranging from 18 and above when it comes to data from the United States. Most date rapes take place at college and most of the time involve drinking. Date rape is also known as acquaintance rape. It is called that because most of the victims know or know of their attacker. Date rape is also known for being forced sexual activity through drugs and violence being used as a method to engage in nonconsensual sexual intercourse. A corresponding departmental policy would be that of identifying and preventing gender bias in law enforcements response to sexual assault and domestic violence. The connection is: most rapes, especially when it comes to men and those that identify as trans or homosexual, go unreported because of how law enforcement sometimes uses bias judgement on that person and their situation and making that person feel less than what they already do after dealing with their circumstances. The Justice Department has created new guidelines within the department to prevent gender bias when it comes to the response of sexual assault and domestic violence to protect the survivors of the attacks and bring them justice and making the offenders pay for their actions. The Justice Department is improving its response to both sexual assault and domestic violence as well as preventing any type of gender bias when it comes to handling these cases. There are also laws that are being implemented and others that are being enhanced and improved to handle the case of date rape as well. There is a sentence of 20 years or more when it comes to someone intending on committing a sexual assault using illicit drugs to another person without

their consent. This has been implemented by The Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act of 1996 (U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs). II. Historical Analysis: When it comes to identifying the key trends both modern and historical when it comes to date rape, in early history, date rape wasn’t a thing, as rape was not even seen as a crime back in the day because as previously stated in my research and work, women were seen as property and not human beings. Bringing us to modern times, the first rape crisis center was created in the 1970s and laws were being created to address the nature of crime rape is and providing punishments for said crime. Even going so far as creating medical protocols to address rape medically. Not only that, the #MeToo movement really shined a bright light on rape of not only women but men as well. Showcasing that women aren’t just the only type of rape victims in the world. Men suffer the same thing but much worse when it comes to coming forth and reporting it which is another issue that has been better addressed lately. A court case that has shaped the evolution of the public policy issue which is date rape would be SER v. NORIS (2005). I say this because this court case really expressed how having evidence is key to providing justice to the victim and putting the offender behind bars. It shined a light on just how easy it can be for evidence to disappear because of the nature of the rape and how states and their court systems utilize evidence that can help determine what type of rape occurred or if it happened at all. It also showed how federal laws can be contradictory when it comes to having suffienct enough evidence presented in a case.

When it comes to the previously identified historical events impacting the public’s perception of the state or federal public polices, I can say that again back in the day, there were no real laws on date rape or rape in general as I stated women were property and men did not speak of such a thing happening to them. The victims that this had happened to never spoke about it during their times. It was just something that they lived with. Now, there are laws that have been created that make the public feel safer and more willing to report the assaults that have happened to them. And men are slowly being able to come forward on their attacks as well. Because again, before, this was unheard of and not a thing, just something swept under the rug. Now, a huge light has been shined on this matter. The #MeToo movement was huge on that, and it provided a lot of victims a safe space to bring light on what happened to them and get justice. When it comes to predicating the potential future direction of the state or federal public policies based on previous identified historical and modern trends, I can say that the government is really improving its laws when it comes to date rape and sexual violence in general and making it a better situation when it comes to how such a delicate situation is being handled when it comes to both the victim and law enforcement. Making it more comfortable for the victim to come forth and report the crime and having law enforcement be less judgmental which makes the victim uncomfortable and not want to report. III. Criminological Theory: When it comes to selecting a criminological theory, the best theory for the public policy of date rape would be the Rational Choice Theory. I say this because when it comes to the rational choice theory that person that has committed the crime has weighed their options and they have assessed the risk and chose to commit the crime anyway. Usually, the offender is aware of the risk of being caught in public when trying to commit a date rape but because they have assessed

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